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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

an abrupt reduction in load on a circuit with a poor or damaged voltage regulator(passive) are most often caused byVoltage swells

a line - to - ground fault on a polyphase transmission line or feeder(passive) is most often caused byA voltage swell

removing a large load or by switching in a capacitor bank that is too large for the prevailing conditions(passive) can be caused byA voltage swell

a switching of the relays on the power grid outside the building where the equipment is located , or a sudden reduction of the power load inside the building(passive) is caused primarily byVoltage swell

large plant loads abruptly dropping offline and power factor correction capacitor switching(passive) also can be caused byVoltage swells

high - power electric motors(passive) can be caused byVoltage swells

switching operations and load disconnections(passive) caused byvoltage swells

events on the distribution system such as lightening strikes , connection or disconnection of large inductive loads , or faults on nearby distribution circuits(passive) are often caused byVoltage swells

almost always(passive) are ... causedVoltage swells

most commonly(passive) are ... causedVoltage Swells

these things as a sudden decrease in electrical load or a short circuit happening on electrical conductors(passive) may be caused byVoltage Swells

such things as a sudden decrease in electrical load or a short circuit occurring on electrical conductors(passive) can be caused byVoltage Swells

a damaged or loose neutral connection(passive) also can be caused byVoltage swells

sudden decreases or the turning off of heavy loads(passive) are caused byVoltage swells

an abrupt reduction in loads(passive) are almost always caused byvoltage swells

the deenergization of a very large load(passive) can also be caused byVoltage swells

switching capacitors of different capacitances connecting to the line(passive) are created byVoltage swells

Singleline to ground faultscausesvoltage swells

surges of up to 26,000 amps(passive) caused byvoltage swells

The ability of photovoltaic and wind power plants to regulate the reactive power flow andtherefore to preventvoltage swells

three phase fault , transients due to large capacitor bank switching , harmonics and notches caused by the load connected via the power converter(passive) caused byvoltage swells

an SLG fault(passive) caused bya voltage swell

switching off a large load or energizing a large capacitor bank(passive) are caused byVoltage swell

an SLG ( Substation Line to Ground ) fault(passive) caused bya voltage swell

loss - of - load scenarios Voltage sags caused by motor starts and electrical faults(passive) caused byVoltage swells

Large - scale switching - off loads and grid faultsmay leadto the voltage swell

This speed variationprovokesa voltage swell

due to line faults , badly dimensioned power sources and incorrect tap settings in tap changers in sub - stations(passive) is causedVoltage swell

31.(i)A sudden removal of load at 0.05   seccausesvoltage swell

These problemsleadto voltage swell

a line - to - groundfault(passive) caused bya voltage swell

the rise of the AC voltage and lasting 0.5 cycles to one minute(passive) caused bythe voltage swell

system failure(passive) caused byvoltage swell

from single - phase short - term interruptions , reactive power overcompensation from capacitor banks , lightning strikes , or switching off of large loads such as in response to voltage sag [ 233839resultfrom single - phase short - term interruptions , reactive power overcompensation from capacitor banks , lightning strikes , or switching off of large loads such as in response to voltage sag [ 233839

from single - phase short - term interruptions , reactive power overcompensation from capacitor banks , lightning strikes , or switching off of large loads such as in response to voltage sag [ 23 , 38 , 39resultfrom single - phase short - term interruptions , reactive power overcompensation from capacitor banks , lightning strikes , or switching off of large loads such as in response to voltage sag [ 23 , 38 , 39

to damage of sensitive equipmentmay leadto damage of sensitive equipment

howeverresulthowever

high temperatures in the generator windingscausehigh temperatures in the generator windings

reduced equipment life , TVSS failure , transformer saturation , drive damage and reduced lamp lifecan causereduced equipment life , TVSS failure , transformer saturation , drive damage and reduced lamp life

the excess energy(passive) caused bythe excess energy

at 135 voltssetat 135 volts

sensitive equipment ( such as found in semiconductor or chemical plantscan causesensitive equipment ( such as found in semiconductor or chemical plants

by using a capacitor bank switching during a period of 0.3s to 0.6s.undercreatedby using a capacitor bank switching during a period of 0.3s to 0.6s.under

in an unstable system and may cause damage to other loads , especially critical oneswill resultin an unstable system and may cause damage to other loads , especially critical ones

an oscillatory transientcausesan oscillatory transient

equipment failure , system lock – up , data corruption , data loss , or even result in fires depending on how high the swell iscan causeequipment failure , system lock – up , data corruption , data loss , or even result in fires depending on how high the swell is

many problems like : ( 1 ) Data loss and flickering of lighting and screenscausesmany problems like : ( 1 ) Data loss and flickering of lighting and screens

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