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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

Hypoxemia and hypercapniacan resultfrom ventilation - perfusion mismatch

reducing arterial hypoxemiaresultingfrom a ventilation - perfusion mismatch

a good indicator of hypoxemiaresultingfrom a ventilation / perfusion mismatch

areas of atelectasis and hyperperfusionleadingto ventilation perfusion mismatch

an alteration in lung parenchymaleadingto ventilation - perfusion mismatch

Many cardiovascular and respiratory conditionsleadto ventilation / perfusion mismatch

contrast mutationsleadingto ventilation perfusion mismatch

metabolic changes and altered signal transduction caused by ischemia - reperfusion(passive) caused byventilation / perfusion mismatch

the adjacent and opposite healthy lung tissueresultingin ventilation perfusion mismatch

Anaesthesia in lateral positioncausesventilation perfusion mismatch

Atelectasis and mucus pluggingcan leadto ventilation - perfusion mismatch

the underlying atelectasis and shunt(passive) caused bya ventilation - perfusion mismatch

other conditions ( eg focal lesions , vasculitis , radiation therapycan ... causeventilation - perfusion mismatch

blast lung injury(passive) caused byVentilation perfusion mismatch

poorly ventilated lung areasto ... causesa ventilation - perfusion mismatch

Cirrhosis can be complicated by refractory hypoxemia due to high rates of blood flow through the lungresultingin ventilation - perfusion mismatch

cystic mutations such as the pronephros in discoglossus(passive) caused byventilation perfusion mismatch shunt

diffusion abnormality• Pulmonary diseasesresultingin ventilation - perfusion mismatch

disorders of renal disease yet(passive) caused byventilation perfusion mismatch shunt

rotation of the affected lung in the dependent position(passive) caused bya ventilation / perfusion mismatch

aortic arch aneurysm.14656176 - Development of a branched stent - graft for endovascular repair of aortic arch aneurysms.16940366 - A vascular ring variant(passive) caused byventilation - perfusion mismatch

2 - 5 mmHg . COAD ( causing incomplete alveolar emptying ) ARDScausinga ventilation - perfusion mismatch

Respiration is difficult in the supine position ; functional residual capacity ( FRC ) is markedly reducedcausingfurther ventilation / perfusion mismatch

In the decubitus position , there is also preferential ventilation of the upper lung and perfusion of the lower lungcreatinga ventilation – perfusion mismatch

mutations of both children and young guinea pigs merlet benichou c and schmolke c fine(passive) caused byventilation perfusion mismatch shunt

Insufficient inflation of the lungs , which can result from inadequate mechanical ventilation or an associated injury such as flail chestcan also contributeto the ventilation / perfusion mismatch

In addition scoliosis can result in unequal lung expansion ( basal atelectasis on the concave side and overexpansion of the convex sideleadingto ventilation / perfusion mismatch

venous cannulation inhalational induction with cricoid pressure a epa diploid progeny fifty percent of horseshoe kidneys(passive) caused byventilation perfusion mismatch shunt

the least compliant lung units remain underventilatedcausingventilation / perfusion mismatching

to constrict normallycausinga perfusion / ventilation mismatch

decreased diaphragmatic excursions , and partial lung lobe collapse (causingventilation - perfusion mismatching

Hypoventilation may followcausingventilation - perfusion mismatch

positive pressure ventilatory support(passive) caused byVentilation / perfusion mismatch

This is due to hypoxia resulted by restricted pulmonary circulationcreatesa ventilation perfusion mismatch

the thromboembolic obstruction of the pulmonary vascular bed(passive) caused byventilation - perfusion mismatching

inefficient gas exchangeleadsto ventilation - perfusion mismatch

Reduced airway tonecausingventilation / perfusion mismatch

the presence of IPVDs1(passive) caused byventilation - perfusion mismatch

This can decrease functional residual capacity , total lung volume , and pulmonary compliancecontributingto ventilation perfusion mismatch

upper segmentsresultingin ventilation - perfusion mismatch

to refractory hypoxemialeadingto refractory hypoxemia

in hypoxia Air trappingresultingin hypoxia Air trapping

to hypoxemia , thromboembolic diseaseleadingto hypoxemia , thromboembolic disease

in hypoxemia , as well as intrapulmonary shuntingresultingin hypoxemia , as well as intrapulmonary shunting

to impairment of gas exchange and subsequent hypoxemialeadingto impairment of gas exchange and subsequent hypoxemia

Rapid shallow breathing with hypoxemia(passive) is caused byRapid shallow breathing with hypoxemia

in arterial hypoxemia and compensatory changes in blood pressureresultingin arterial hypoxemia and compensatory changes in blood pressure

to hypoxia , hypercapnia and need of mechanical ventilationleadsto hypoxia , hypercapnia and need of mechanical ventilation

hypoperfusion , hypoxia , web ischaemia and infarction capacitycauseshypoperfusion , hypoxia , web ischaemia and infarction capacity

in profound hypoxemia , particularly during REM sleepresultingin profound hypoxemia , particularly during REM sleep

in a hypoxemia that is refractory to treatment with supplemental oxygenresultingin a hypoxemia that is refractory to treatment with supplemental oxygen

to profound hypoxemia in patients with acute respiratory distress syndromeleadsto profound hypoxemia in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome

to more hypoxia , oxygen dependency , oxidative stress , and higher levels of ventilatory supportleadingto more hypoxia , oxygen dependency , oxidative stress , and higher levels of ventilatory support

to hypoxemia at rest and in supine position due to the closure of small airwaysleadingto hypoxemia at rest and in supine position due to the closure of small airways

in hypoxemia in patients with significant parenchymal lung disease and PH ( WHO Group 3resultingin hypoxemia in patients with significant parenchymal lung disease and PH ( WHO Group 3

from the non - ventilated atelectatic lung areas which results in a intrapulmonary right - to - left shunt with the consequence of severe arterial hypoxemiaresultingfrom the non - ventilated atelectatic lung areas which results in a intrapulmonary right - to - left shunt with the consequence of severe arterial hypoxemia

to hypoxemia , pneumonia , ARDS , and respiratory failure.1 Barium sulfate aspiration into the lungsleadingto hypoxemia , pneumonia , ARDS , and respiratory failure.1 Barium sulfate aspiration into the lungs

to hypoxaemialeadingto hypoxaemia

to much greater reductions in PetCO2 relative to PaCO2 ( 8 , 9 , 22leadingto much greater reductions in PetCO2 relative to PaCO2 ( 8 , 9 , 22

the most common disorder of gas exchange(passive) might be caused bythe most common disorder of gas exchange

in a severe drop in gas exchangeresultsin a severe drop in gas exchange

to impaired gas exchange , which persists during the postoperative periodleadsto impaired gas exchange , which persists during the postoperative period

to impaired oxygenationleadsto impaired oxygenation

to preservation or improvement of oxygenationleadingto preservation or improvement of oxygenation

from the immediate inactivation of surfactant , subsequent microatelectasis , and a consequence of small to medium caliber bronchiolar obstruction due to fibrin cast formationresultingfrom the immediate inactivation of surfactant , subsequent microatelectasis , and a consequence of small to medium caliber bronchiolar obstruction due to fibrin cast formation

more than 60,000 deaths annuallycausesmore than 60,000 deaths annually

in high local ventilating pressuresresultingin high local ventilating pressures

from ony-resultingfrom ony-

to ventilatory inefficiencyleadingto ventilatory inefficiency

from an aberrant systemic arterial supply to Basal segments of the right lungresultingfrom an aberrant systemic arterial supply to Basal segments of the right lung

in this contextresultsin this context

in reduced diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the pulmonary circulationresultingin reduced diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the pulmonary circulation

Failure to oxygenate(passive) is caused byFailure to oxygenate

from progressive airflow limitation and emphysemaresultingfrom progressive airflow limitation and emphysema

from the combination of position , OLV and lung diseaseresultingfrom the combination of position , OLV and lung disease

decreased pulmonary compliance and higher airway resistancecausingdecreased pulmonary compliance and higher airway resistance

to dyspnea and hyperventilationultimately leadingto dyspnea and hyperventilation

from vasodilation owing to immature craniovertebral articulationsresultingfrom vasodilation owing to immature craniovertebral articulations

in pulmonary venous desaturationresultingin pulmonary venous desaturation

to an increase in shunt and microatelectasis after induction of anesthesia [ 4leadsto an increase in shunt and microatelectasis after induction of anesthesia [ 4

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