significant animal suffering and costs pork producerscausessignificant animal suffering and costs pork producers

bacteria or virusescausingbacteria or viruses

What swine disease ... reduced gain , poor growth , and reproductive failures in the breeding herdcausesWhat swine disease ... reduced gain , poor growth , and reproductive failures in the breeding herd

abortions ... and also infertility and other reproductive symptomscausesabortions ... and also infertility and other reproductive symptoms

abortions and infertilitycausesabortions and infertility

also infertility and other reproductive symptomscausesalso infertility and other reproductive symptoms

economic losses in domestic livestockcauseseconomic losses in domestic livestock

abortions and infertility in pigscausesabortions and infertility in pigs

abortioncausesabortion

infertilitycausesinfertility

alsocan ... causealso

most obvious disease in growers , finishers and younger breeding stock , with low to moderate mortalityto causemost obvious disease in growers , finishers and younger breeding stock , with low to moderate mortality

fever , skin lesions , convulsions , and usually ( particularly in young animals ) deathcausesfever , skin lesions , convulsions , and usually ( particularly in young animals ) death

fever , skin lesions , convulsions , and usually deathcausesfever , skin lesions , convulsions , and usually death

a 100 % fatality rate for infected pigscausinga 100 % fatality rate for infected pigs

increase in demand for UK pork exports UScausesincrease in demand for UK pork exports US

fever , skin lesions , convulsions , and usually ( particularly in young animals ) death within 15 dayscausesfever , skin lesions , convulsions , and usually ( particularly in young animals ) death within 15 days

in Africaoriginatedin Africa

in the Philippines 2019discoveredin the Philippines 2019

increase in demand for UK pork exports 5 deadcausesincrease in demand for UK pork exports 5 dead

earlier3African ... had resultedearlier

increase in demand forcausesincrease in demand for

to ban on bacon exportsmay leadto ban on bacon exports

community infectionsrarely causescommunity infections

considerable damages from 1895 for 20 yearscausedconsiderable damages from 1895 for 20 years

to revaluate how they deal with Brachyspirahas promptedto revaluate how they deal with Brachyspira

scientists to revaluate how they deal with Brachyspirahas promptedscientists to revaluate how they deal with Brachyspira

a high prevalence of these pathogens on the farm as well as potential contamination during slaughtercausinga high prevalence of these pathogens on the farm as well as potential contamination during slaughter

from infection of the porcine large intestine with the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira hyodysenteriaeresultsfrom infection of the porcine large intestine with the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

the stench and water contamination(passive) caused bythe stench and water contamination

to increased transmission in humansleadingto increased transmission in humans

so farhas leadso far

to increased transmissionleadingto increased transmission

in mancausingin man

in mancausingin man

four deaths in Chandigarhcausedfour deaths in Chandigarh

important financial lossescausesimportant financial losses

complicated by Treponema hyodysenteriae and CRDcausedcomplicated by Treponema hyodysenteriae and CRD

or complicated by Treponema hyodysenteriae and CRDcausedor complicated by Treponema hyodysenteriae and CRD

almost universal infection in pigs at least in some regionscausesalmost universal infection in pigs at least in some regions