in water damageresultsin water damage

to hotter and bigger fireshas ledto hotter and bigger fires

to changes in fuelsleadingto changes in fuels

to unanticipated changes in the distinctive character of forests in summaryledto unanticipated changes in the distinctive character of forests in summary

unnatural ” fuel buildupshas createdunnatural ” fuel buildups

habitat changes such as closure of the canopy , which eliminates the open spaces required by the species.[1][2causeshabitat changes such as closure of the canopy , which eliminates the open spaces required by the species.[1][2

habitat changes such as closure of the canopy , which eliminates the open spaces required by the species.[2][3causeshabitat changes such as closure of the canopy , which eliminates the open spaces required by the species.[2][3

in a shift of species compositioncan resultin a shift of species composition

in changes in the natural environmentalso has resultedin changes in the natural environment

vegetation overgrowth(passive) supposedly caused byvegetation overgrowth

millions of hectares of unhealthy , in - grown forests at a high risk of succumbing to catastrophic wildfireshas createdmillions of hectares of unhealthy , in - grown forests at a high risk of succumbing to catastrophic wildfires

land - use changes or degradation(passive) caused byland - use changes or degradation

more damages than more damages preventscausesmore damages than more damages prevents

to much greater fuel build upshas ledto much greater fuel build ups

to changes in community type and species compositionledto changes in community type and species composition

to increased defoliation of the trees by herbivorous insects , whose populations might otherwise be controlled by more regular outbreaks of wildfire.[24may also leadto increased defoliation of the trees by herbivorous insects , whose populations might otherwise be controlled by more regular outbreaks of wildfire.[24

in dangerously high fuel loads within parts of the jack pine plainshas resultedin dangerously high fuel loads within parts of the jack pine plains

a lot of the problems we have today concerning a lack of balance and changes in the landscapecausesa lot of the problems we have today concerning a lack of balance and changes in the landscape

to slow population declines over the last century by altering the health and composition dynamics of stands without the fire ecology balancing their habitat and suppressing insect - disease threats.[6has ledto slow population declines over the last century by altering the health and composition dynamics of stands without the fire ecology balancing their habitat and suppressing insect - disease threats.[6

to fuel buildups that are contributing to larger fireshas ledto fuel buildups that are contributing to larger fires

in undesirable changes in vegetation and contributeshas resultedin undesirable changes in vegetation and contributes

in undesirable changes in vegetation in some habitatshas resultedin undesirable changes in vegetation in some habitats

to changes in modern forest conditionshas ... contributedto changes in modern forest conditions

to fuel build ups that are outside of the historic conditionhas ledto fuel build ups that are outside of the historic condition

in overgrown forests that are susceptible to catastrophic fire outside the natural range of variationresultingin overgrown forests that are susceptible to catastrophic fire outside the natural range of variation

to longer , more intense and more destructive wildfire seasons and a less resilient forest and grassland ecosystemhas ledto longer , more intense and more destructive wildfire seasons and a less resilient forest and grassland ecosystem

to overcrowded forests that are more conducive to insect and disease outbreakscan leadto overcrowded forests that are more conducive to insect and disease outbreaks

3 )   Quantify changes in forest structure and potential fire behavior(passive) caused by3 )   Quantify changes in forest structure and potential fire behavior

dangerously overcrowded forests in Colorado and beyondcreateddangerously overcrowded forests in Colorado and beyond

a natural fire regime that would normally exclude larger plants from the open meadow habitat and ecotone.[6preventsa natural fire regime that would normally exclude larger plants from the open meadow habitat and ecotone.[6

in densely stocked stands that may contain more mature larger - diameter host trees , making them more susceptible to MPB attack [ 29can resultin densely stocked stands that may contain more mature larger - diameter host trees , making them more susceptible to MPB attack [ 29

in larger and hotter fires that kill plants otherwise adapted to fireis resultingin larger and hotter fires that kill plants otherwise adapted to fire

forests to become choked with unnaturally dense tree growth , leading to more severe and damaging wildfireshas causedforests to become choked with unnaturally dense tree growth , leading to more severe and damaging wildfires

to fuel build - ups that are supporting unnaturally large blazeshas ledto fuel build - ups that are supporting unnaturally large blazes

to a great deal of fuel build - up in not only Montana , but other states as wellhas ledto a great deal of fuel build - up in not only Montana , but other states as well

to changes in tree species composition and forest structure [ 1also has ledto changes in tree species composition and forest structure [ 1

significant changes in tree species composition and forest structurecausedsignificant changes in tree species composition and forest structure

ecological changes in forests where fires naturally occurhas causedecological changes in forests where fires naturally occur

to significant changes in the number of trees within the watershedhas ledto significant changes in the number of trees within the watershed

in high fuel loads in some areas , which can result in catastrophic wildfireshas resultedin high fuel loads in some areas , which can result in catastrophic wildfires