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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

the burning of coal and oil Q.3(passive) created bysulfate aerosols

the burning of coal and oil Impact on Indian monsoon(passive) created bysulfate aerosols

the burning of coal and oil and smoke from human - caused activities such as the burning of tropical forest(passive) created bysulfate aerosols

The higher projected temperatures and the wider range ... the lowered projected SO2 emissions [leadto sulfate aerosols

which can react in the atmosphereto createsulfate aerosol

Oxidation of SO 2createssulfates ( sulfate aerosols

which reacts with water vapor and other gases in the atmosphereto createsulfate aerosols

Asian outflow N. Kaneyasu , A. Takami , and S. Hatakeyama T13A094 Chemical and morphological characterization of atmospheric particles in Mexico City and its classification in anthropogenic types(passive) influenced bysulphate aerosols

the emissions of SO2createsulphate aerosols

Sulfur dioxide , a gas commonly belched by erupting volcanoes , reacts with water in the atmosphereto createsulfate aerosols

burning oil and gas(passive) caused bysulphate aerosols (

that would have reacted with the water vaporto createsulfate aerosols

sulfur gasescreatesulfate aerosol

which reacts with water in the airto createsulphate aerosols

Stratospheric Sulfate Aersols Geo - engineering ( SAF - SRMcreateStratospheric sulfate aerosols

releasing sulfur dioxide gas(passive) would be created bysulfate aerosols (

fossils fuelscreatessulfate aerosols

DMS when it oxidises in air(passive) created bythe sulfate aerosols

not only decreases in acid raincausingsulfate aerosols

pollution(passive) created bysulfate aerosols

PM2.5 accumulationcomposed mostlyof sulfate aerosols

strongly ... fossil fuel burning aerosols(passive) is influenced ... bythe sulfate aerosols

Dr. Santer 's early research on the climatic effects of combined changes in greenhouse gases ( GHGs ) andcontributedsulfate aerosols

switching out coal for gas(passive) caused bysulfate aerosols

The subsidence over north India ( 20–35∘   Nhas preventedsulfate aerosols

the eruptions of El Chichon and Mount Pinatubo(passive) created bythe stratospheric sulfate aerosols

the eruptions of El Chichón and Mount Pinatubo(passive) created bythe stratospheric sulfate aerosols

human activities(passive) caused bySulfate aerosols

regional coolingcauseregional cooling

to direct coolingleadto direct cooling

to putative coolingcontributeto putative cooling

global coolingcausedglobal cooling

The long - term cooling(passive) caused byThe long - term cooling

from burning fossil fuels and contribute to atmospheric coolingare createdfrom burning fossil fuels and contribute to atmospheric cooling

regional - scale cooling(passive) caused byregional - scale cooling

to acid rain precipitationcontributesto acid rain precipitation

to acid rain and hazinessalso contributeto acid rain and haziness

The cooling period after 1940 is known(passive) to have been caused byThe cooling period after 1940 is known

a ∼0.4 K coolinghave contributeda ∼0.4 K cooling

a cooling by reflecting incoming sunlightcausea cooling by reflecting incoming sunlight

cooling that is strongest over industrialized regionscausecooling that is strongest over industrialized regions

to increases in planetary albedo and cooling of the Earth 's atmosphereleadingto increases in planetary albedo and cooling of the Earth 's atmosphere

cooling during the 50 's and 60 'scausedcooling during the 50 's and 60 's

that the unique combination of the warming of tropical oceans — caused by greenhouse gases — and cooling of the North Atlantic Ocean —(passive) caused bythat the unique combination of the warming of tropical oceans — caused by greenhouse gases — and cooling of the North Atlantic Ocean —

more clouds which then reflect more sunlight off the earth causing coolingjust causemore clouds which then reflect more sunlight off the earth causing cooling

from coal burning ( which cause also acid rainresultfrom coal burning ( which cause also acid rain

cooling both by reflecting sunlight themselves and by making clouds brighter , and so more reflectivecausecooling both by reflecting sunlight themselves and by making clouds brighter , and so more reflective

more cooling when prescribed at the lower levels of the stratosphere because of hygroscopic growthcausemore cooling when prescribed at the lower levels of the stratosphere because of hygroscopic growth

substantial cooling ... although the statistical significance of this conclusion is lowcausesubstantial cooling ... although the statistical significance of this conclusion is low

additional regional and perhaps hemispheric cooling for months to yearswould have causedadditional regional and perhaps hemispheric cooling for months to years

a cooling ] , solar effects , ENSO variability , other sources of internal variabilitycausea cooling ] , solar effects , ENSO variability , other sources of internal variability

from burning coal , biomass , and volcanic eruptionsresultfrom burning coal , biomass , and volcanic eruptions

cooling ... by blocking and reflecting sunlight as well as serving as seeds for cloud coveragecausedcooling ... by blocking and reflecting sunlight as well as serving as seeds for cloud coverage

a series of chemical reactions that destroy ozone , which protects us from the sun ’s most harmful ultraviolet raystriggera series of chemical reactions that destroy ozone , which protects us from the sun ’s most harmful ultraviolet rays

from updates of the aqueous- and gas - phase oxidation pathways for a winter pollution episode in Tokyo , Japan , Atmosphere , 10 , 544 , https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090544 , 2019resultingfrom updates of the aqueous- and gas - phase oxidation pathways for a winter pollution episode in Tokyo , Japan , Atmosphere , 10 , 544 , https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090544 , 2019

in the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustioncreatedin the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion

to the destruction of the ozone layer , acid rains and into droughts and spreading of desertscontributeto the destruction of the ozone layer , acid rains and into droughts and spreading of deserts

acid rain [ 10 ... and aerosol injection would not solve ocean acidificationcould causeacid rain [ 10 ... and aerosol injection would not solve ocean acidification

acid rain , iron might just cycle carbon faster in the shallow oceanwill causeacid rain , iron might just cycle carbon faster in the shallow ocean

chemical reactions in addition to chlorine and bromine reactions on stratospheric clouds that destroy the ozone.8causechemical reactions in addition to chlorine and bromine reactions on stratospheric clouds that destroy the ozone.8

particularly a warming trend in the Indian Ocean that may have been caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing , and cooling of the North Atlantic(passive) may have been caused byparticularly a warming trend in the Indian Ocean that may have been caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing , and cooling of the North Atlantic

from the oxidation of sulfur dioxidecreatedfrom the oxidation of sulfur dioxide

to localized climate changecontributeto localized climate change

changes in atmospheric circulation patterns in the Northern Hemisphere that would explain the cooling observed in recent decades in the North Atlantic and North Pacifichave causedchanges in atmospheric circulation patterns in the Northern Hemisphere that would explain the cooling observed in recent decades in the North Atlantic and North Pacific

through the burning of fossil fuels , such as coal and oilcreatedthrough the burning of fossil fuels , such as coal and oil

from emissions of sulfur dioxide ( SO2 ) , which , once airborne , react with water vapor to produce sulfate compoundsresultfrom emissions of sulfur dioxide ( SO2 ) , which , once airborne , react with water vapor to produce sulfate compounds

to a decrease in temperatureleadsto a decrease in temperature

to acid rain , a problem that plagued industrial areas for decades until pollution reductions began to take effect towards the end of the last centurycan also contributeto acid rain , a problem that plagued industrial areas for decades until pollution reductions began to take effect towards the end of the last century

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