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T1 - Morphine activation of mu opioid receptorscausesdisinhibition of neurons
the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ( MPTP(passive) caused bydopaminergic neurons
5 ] M. Eckhardt , K. Khalaj Hedayati , and J. PitschcausesSulfatide in neurons
- 10378 18 p. Morphine activation of mu opioid receptorscausesdisinhibition of neurons
a particular gene ( FOXG1(passive) caused byinhibitory neurons
complex I inhibition ( 8)(passive) provoked bydopaminergic neurons
which have been previously usedto createdopaminergic neurons
the toxin MPP(passive) provoked bydopaminergic neurons
Neurotrophins can act as target - derived trophic factorsto influencepresynaptic neurons
6-OHDA ( P < 0.0001(passive) caused bydopaminergic neurons
43 ] F. A. Bull , D. T. Baptista - Hon , J. J. Lambert , W. Walwyn , and T. G. Hales , “ Morphine activation of mu opioid receptorscausesdisinhibition of neurons
environmental factors and various molecular pathways , including oxidative stress , mitochondrial dysfunction , inflammatory , or immune response(passive) caused bydopaminergic neurons
Bull , Fiona A. ; Baptista - Hon , Daniel T. ; Lambert , Jeremy J. ; Walwyn , Wendy ; Hales , Tim G. / Morphine activation of mu opioid receptorscausesdisinhibition of neurons
Scientists at the University of Southern Denmarkcreateddopaminergic neurons
One of the first stem cell studies in PD used embryonic stem cells ( ESCsto createdopaminergic neurons
in presence of hM4D(Gicauseshyperpolarization of neurons
protein synthesis Drug abusecausesoverstimulation of neurons
the abnormal deposition of a Lewy body(passive) caused bydopaminergic neurons
brain - derived neurotrophic factor(passive) caused bynociceptive neurons
GBA deficiency results in hyperactivation of mTOR , lysosomal dysfunction , alpha - synuclein accumulation and aggregation , and dopaminergic neuronal death(passive) caused bydopaminergic neurons
weakening of brake control to(passive) caused bydeafferentirovanny neurons
scar tissue in the parasympathetic nervous system(passive) caused byinhibitory neurons
both pain and itch stimuli(passive) triggered bynociceptive neurons
the accumulation of neuritic plaques(passive) caused byinhibitory neurons
excitationcausesupsurge in neurons
LRRK2RG(passive) caused bydopaminergic neurons
Vann Bennett , a professor in the departments of cell biology , biochemistry and neurobiology at Duke Universitydiscoveredspectrin in neurons
a direct substrate of LRRK2 in the mammalian brain(passive) caused bydopaminergic neurons
The selective loss oftriggersnociceptor neurons
increased expression of alpha - synuclein ( a protein linked to Parkinson ’s pathology(passive) triggered bydopaminergic neurons
glutamic acidcausesoverstimulation of neurons
in the peripheral nervous system(passive) were discoveredNeuroendocrine neurons
dopamine and its D2R agonist , quinpirole(passive) caused bypallidal neurons
the chloride channelscauseshyperpolarization of neurons
Its pain killing property ... tyrosine metabolisminfluencesDopaminergic neurons
ROS(1377(passive) caused bydopaminergic neurons
cholinergic stimulation of the thalamus(passive) caused byVPM neurons
alpha - synuclein over expression(passive) caused bydopaminergic neurons
rotenone(passive) caused bydopaminergic neurons
The next avenue for research and applicability in a larger number of patients would be using stem cellsto createdopaminergic neurons
from ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) and adrenergic neurons originating from the locus coeruleus ( LCoriginatingfrom ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) and adrenergic neurons originating from the locus coeruleus ( LC
from two midbrain regions , the ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) and the substantia nigra pars compacta ( SNc)1 - 3originate mainlyfrom two midbrain regions , the ventral tegmental area ( VTA ) and the substantia nigra pars compacta ( SNc)1 - 3
in the ventral tegmental area ( VTA ... and project into the forebrain , particularly the nucleus accumbens ( See Figure 2 beloworiginatein the ventral tegmental area ( VTA ... and project into the forebrain , particularly the nucleus accumbens ( See Figure 2 below
from the ventral tegmental area of the rat ( 1981originatingfrom the ventral tegmental area of the rat ( 1981
in the ventral tegmental area and terminating in the nucleus accumbens , amygdala , and hippocampusoriginatingin the ventral tegmental area and terminating in the nucleus accumbens , amygdala , and hippocampus
from the substantia nigra ( SNoriginatefrom the substantia nigra ( SN
in the substantia nigra and hypothalamusoriginatein the substantia nigra and hypothalamus
only from the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra compactaoriginatingonly from the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra compacta
to their degeneration in PDleadingto their degeneration in PD
in the ventral tegmental area ( VTA ... and release the neurotransmitter dopamine in regions involved in information processing , memory , and emotions , such as the nucleus accumbens ( NAc ) , hippocampus , amygdala , and prefrontal cortexoriginatein the ventral tegmental area ( VTA ... and release the neurotransmitter dopamine in regions involved in information processing , memory , and emotions , such as the nucleus accumbens ( NAc ) , hippocampus , amygdala , and prefrontal cortex
in the substantia nigra of the midbrain and project to the basal ganglia or striatum also of note there may be synergistic adverse effects between intron a and zidovudineoriginatein the substantia nigra of the midbrain and project to the basal ganglia or striatum also of note there may be synergistic adverse effects between intron a and zidovudine
in the substantia nigra and project to the striatumoriginatein the substantia nigra and project to the striatum
in substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area with major projections to the striatumoriginatein substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area with major projections to the striatum
in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and projecting to the ventral tegmental areaoriginatingin the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and projecting to the ventral tegmental area
from the VTA and SNoriginatingfrom the VTA and SN
in an inherited form of Parkinson 's diseaseresultingin an inherited form of Parkinson 's disease
in impairment in movementresultsin impairment in movement
in the PVN and projecting to the VTAoriginatingin the PVN and projecting to the VTA
from the axon collaterals of non - dopaminergic substantia nigraoriginatingfrom the axon collaterals of non - dopaminergic substantia nigra
to the lifespan extension in long - lived mutantscontributesto the lifespan extension in long - lived mutants
in the ventral tegmental area ( Ikemoto and Panksepp , 1999originatingin the ventral tegmental area ( Ikemoto and Panksepp , 1999
in the ventral tegmental area via the mesocortical pathwayoriginatingin the ventral tegmental area via the mesocortical pathway
in the ventral tegmental area and terminating in the prefrontal cortexoriginatingin the ventral tegmental area and terminating in the prefrontal cortex
to exaggerated anticipatory craving of the future cocaine reward [ 25leadingto exaggerated anticipatory craving of the future cocaine reward [ 25
to the development of Parkinson 's disease ( PDleadingto the development of Parkinson 's disease ( PD
to the motor symptoms of PD [ 14contributeto the motor symptoms of PD [ 14
from the ventrolateral region of the VTAoriginatingfrom the ventrolateral region of the VTA
in the hallmark motor symptoms of the pathology ( stage 3resultingin the hallmark motor symptoms of the pathology ( stage 3
in the substantia nigra of the midbrain and projecting to the striatum ( nigrostriatal pathway ) in Parkinson ’soriginatingin the substantia nigra of the midbrain and projecting to the striatum ( nigrostriatal pathway ) in Parkinson ’s
from substantia nigra and project their axons to the dorsal striatum ( nigrostriatal pathwayoriginatefrom substantia nigra and project their axons to the dorsal striatum ( nigrostriatal pathway
disinhibition of glutamatergic excitatory neurons Since these early studiescausesdisinhibition of glutamatergic excitatory neurons Since these early studies
neurotransmission of other neuronsinfluenceneurotransmission of other neurons
in acute neuronal loss in the substantia nigra or by using viral vectors to induce the specific and gradual expression of alpha synuclein in the substantia nigraresultingin acute neuronal loss in the substantia nigra or by using viral vectors to induce the specific and gradual expression of alpha synuclein in the substantia nigra
The “ go ” signal(passive) is triggered byThe “ go ” signal
the spread of PDcausesthe spread of PD
to PD development andleadingto PD development and
to sporadic PDeventually leadingto sporadic PD
Professor of anatomy(passive) created byProfessor of anatomy
in the VTA that project to neurons in the nucleus accumbensoriginatingin the VTA that project to neurons in the nucleus accumbens
in the paraventricular nucleus and projecting to extra- hypothalamic areasoriginatingin the paraventricular nucleus and projecting to extra- hypothalamic areas