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the attachment of near - zero energy electrons(passive) caused bythe strand breaks
cytologically observable sister chromatid exchanges ... DNA - damaging agentscausestrand breaks
normal metabolic processes and exposure to ionizing radiation(passive) caused bystrand breaks
143 - 6 - 20145 - 159 - 6 Treatment of cancer cells with one of these chemicalscausesstrand breaks
ROS , as well as from exposure to ionizing radiation or treatment with the anticancer agent bleomycin(passive) caused byStrand breaks
X rays or excision of UV - damaged bases(passive) created directly bystrand breaks
Trifluridine - tipiracil ( TAS-102 ) , an oral cytotoxic agent that consists of the nucleoside analog trifluridine ( a cytotoxic antimetabolite that inhibits thymidylate synthase and , after modification within tumor cells , is incorporated into DNA ,causingstrand breaks
the complex ... topoisomerase II and DNAcausesstrand breaks
U. They inhibit topoisomerase IIthus causingonine strand breaks
This type of therapy also inserts itself into DNAto causestrand breaks
binding of the enzyme to the ends of DNA strands or to the consequent inhibition of DNAS1L3(passive) is triggered bythe strand breaks
free radical damagecan causestrand breaks
The reactive oxygen species ... sugar ( ribose / deoxyribosecan causestrand break
Lesions will then accumulatecausingstrand breaks
Intercalate DNAcausingstrand breaks
lightning arc(passive) caused bystrand breaking
one or more compounds found in the plant ... wayscausestrand breaks
Another factorcausesstrand breaks
depurination ( 2 , 4 , 25(passive) caused bystrand breaks
oligopurine tractstriggeringstrand breaks
peroxynitrite(passive) caused bystrand breaks
that uranium was , in factcausingstrand breaks
Synthetic chemicals containing alkyl groups that attack NDAcausingstrand breaks
collapse of the replication fork(passive) caused bystrand breaks
base excision from ssDNA by DNA glycosylases , including Nei - like ( NEIL ) 1(passive) caused bystrand breaks
When biologic tissue is exposed to ionizing radiations , hydroxyl radicals can be created from their interaction with water molecules ; these radicals in turn interact with nearby DNAto causestrand breaks
NADPH - cytochrome P450 reductase ( fp2 ) in the presence of ferritincausedstrand breaks
platinumscausestrand breaks
The resultant conversion of single strand breaks ( SSBs ) into irreversible double-resultsstrand breaks
free radical fromationcausesstrand breaks Dactinomycin
Oxidation of nucleic acid moieties leads to their release from DNAtherefore causingstrand breaks
to be a causative factor underlying oxidative damage to cellular molecules , such as DNAcausingstrand breaks
a propensityto causestrand breaks
the electrophoretic migration of DNA fragmentsresultfrom strand breaks
The melanin ... dosescausesstrand breaks
the project(passive) caused bystrand breaks
prolonged desiccation gamma rays(passive) are ... caused bystrand breaks
ethanol intoxicationcausesmtDNA strand breaks
the concerted action of 7,8 dihydro-8-oxoguanine 1 ( OGG1 ) and apurinic / apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 ( APE1 ) on OGG1 lesions on the DNA ( top middle(passive) caused bystrand breaks
a high affinity to DNAcausingthe strand breaks
in DNA damage [ 4resultin DNA damage [ 4
a DDR ( DNA damage responsetriggera DDR ( DNA damage response
to genetic mutations.[6can leadto genetic mutations.[6
to relaxation and unwinding of DNA under alkaline conditionsleadto relaxation and unwinding of DNA under alkaline conditions
from direct - type effects in crystallineresultingfrom direct - type effects in crystalline
the DNA damage response by inducing the expression of molecular markers associated with DNA damage repair , such as the PARP , RAD51 , and breast cancer ( BRCAtriggerthe DNA damage response by inducing the expression of molecular markers associated with DNA damage repair , such as the PARP , RAD51 , and breast cancer ( BRCA
in the extension of DNA loops from lysed and salt - extracted nuclei , which , in turn , form a comet - like tail after either alkaline electrophoresis , indicating global DNA damage ( ssb + dsb ) , or neutral electrophoresis , indicating dsbresultingin the extension of DNA loops from lysed and salt - extracted nuclei , which , in turn , form a comet - like tail after either alkaline electrophoresis , indicating global DNA damage ( ssb + dsb ) , or neutral electrophoresis , indicating dsb
the whole strand to stop working which is unfortunatecausingthe whole strand to stop working which is unfortunate
in genome instabilityresultingin genome instability
from endonucleolytic cleavage of both strands of DNAresultfrom endonucleolytic cleavage of both strands of DNA
occasional deletions(passive) caused byoccasional deletions
downtime(passive) caused bydowntime
the SOS responsecan triggerthe SOS response
from the attack of DNA by endogenous and environmental agentsresultfrom the attack of DNA by endogenous and environmental agents
to cause cytotoxicity carcinogenesis and mutagenesisleadsto cause cytotoxicity carcinogenesis and mutagenesis
the stagesetthe stage
plasmid DNA(passive) caused byplasmid DNA
from BER modulationresultingfrom BER modulation
to the project scheduleleadingto the project schedule
local defects(passive) caused bylocal defects
genomic rearrangements by recombination - repaircausegenomic rearrangements by recombination - repair
to increased rate of telomere shorteningleadingto increased rate of telomere shortening
to augmented dysfunction in respiratory chain complexes and further increase in mtROS since mtDNA encodes mainly for those respiratory complexesleadsto augmented dysfunction in respiratory chain complexes and further increase in mtROS since mtDNA encodes mainly for those respiratory complexes
to cell death ... mutation , if unrepaired cancer in humanscan leadto cell death ... mutation , if unrepaired cancer in humans
to large deletions in the lacZ transgene in RcsX tumor - bearing micemay leadto large deletions in the lacZ transgene in RcsX tumor - bearing mice
DNA migration(passive) caused byDNA migration
conversion events ( Kadyk and Hartwell 1993(passive) may be caused byconversion events ( Kadyk and Hartwell 1993
mtDNA deletions ( 19can causemtDNA deletions ( 19
to DNA stability changes in cellsleadingto DNA stability changes in cells
after IR treatmentresulting immediatelyafter IR treatment