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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

insertion or deletion mutations , nonsense mutations , and splice - site mutations(passive) caused byframeshift mutations

frameshift , nonsense , and splice - site mutations(passive) caused byhaploinsufficiency mutations

by frameshift , nonsense , and splice - site mutations(passive) caused byHaploinsufficiency mutations

Insertion , deletion and duplication mutationscauseFRAMESHIFT MUTATIONS

when there are insertions , deletions and duplication of the DNA bases in a gene(passive) are also causedFrameshift mutations

Insertions and deletion of single nucleotidescan causeframeshift mutations

Mutations ) insertion Results in the addition of extra DNA Insertionscan causeframeshift mutations

by small deletion or insertion(passive) caused byframeshift mutations

deletion or insertion and aberrant splicing(passive) caused byframeshift mutations

insertions or deletions of base pairscauseframeshift mutations

an insertion or deletion of a nucleotide causing the reading frame to shift & the protein(passive) are caused byFrameshift mutations

insertions or deletions of nucleotides(passive) are caused byFrameshift mutations

the addition or deletion of nucleotides(passive) are caused byFrameshift mutations

either by the addition of a nucleotide or by a deletion(passive) are causedFrameshift mutations

frameshift , nonsense , and splice - site mutations , which lead to failure to synthesize the products of one COL1A1 allele(passive) caused byhaploinsufficiency mutations

deletion of one or two nucleotides(passive) caused byframeshift mutations

6 Insertions and deletionscauseframeshift mutations

the addition or deletion of bases(passive) are caused byFrameshift mutations

by splicing mutations(passive) caused byframeshift mutations

the addition or loss of a base pair(passive) are caused byFrameshift Mutations

Insertions and deletionscauseframeshift mutations

Insertions and DeletionsDO causeFrameshift mutations

insertions and deletionscan causeframeshift mutations

a deletion(passive) are usually caused byFrameshift mutations

by small deletions , duplications , and insertions(passive) caused byframeshift mutations

Other base changescauseframeshift mutations

by coding region microsatellite(passive) caused byframeshift mutations

Deletionscan also causeframeshift mutations

deletionscausingframeshift mutations

which were predictedto causeframeshift mutations

Indels located in exonscauseframeshift mutations

coding region microsatellite instability(passive) caused byframeshift mutations

DNA polymerase slippagecan causeframeshift mutations

indelscausingframeshift mutations

by indels(passive) caused byFrameshift mutations

Insert between bases in DNAcan causeframeshift mutations

Insert between bases in DNAcan causeframeshift mutations

by duplications and deletions(passive) caused byframeshift mutations

by errors in transcription and splicing of an mRNA(passive) caused byframeshift mutations

by NHEJ(passive) caused byframeshift mutations

to aberrant constitutiveleadto aberrant constitutive

aging phenotypes without affecting reactive oxygen species productioncauseaging phenotypes without affecting reactive oxygen species production

in NSCLCwere discoveredin NSCLC

aging phenotypescauseaging phenotypes

in a cascade of incorrect amino acids and the subsequent proteincould resultin a cascade of incorrect amino acids and the subsequent protein

to a premature end to translation of the mRNAmay leadto a premature end to translation of the mRNA

in early termination of protein translationresultingin early termination of protein translation

to a premature end to translation of the mRNA as well as the can leadto a premature end to translation of the mRNA as well as the

in a premature aging phenotyperesultingin a premature aging phenotype

the production of different amino acidscan causethe production of different amino acids

prematurecausingpremature

to a premature endcan leadto a premature end

a premature endcan causea premature end

to a stop codonleadingto a stop codon

in severe defectsresultin severe defects

in severe genetic diseases such as Tay - Sachs disease.[19may resultin severe genetic diseases such as Tay - Sachs disease.[19

in a gain of fresultingin a gain of f

sporadic LAM(passive) is caused bysporadic LAM

to development of PVleadingto development of PV

to drastic loss of functioncan leadto drastic loss of function

usuallycauseusually

discovering(passive) is caused bydiscovering

in enchondromatosis syndromesresultin enchondromatosis syndromes

in genetic mosaicismresultin genetic mosaicism

in genetic mosaicismresultin genetic mosaicism

EPP after the age of 40causingEPP after the age of 40

the onset of cancerinfluencethe onset of cancer

to NRF2 accumulationleadingto NRF2 accumulation

to the development of age - associated diseasecontributeto the development of age - associated disease

haematopoietic stem cells(passive) caused byhaematopoietic stem cells

to loss of gene or gene product functionleadingto loss of gene or gene product function

to tumor biologycontributeto tumor biology

to the cancer phenotypecontributeto the cancer phenotype

to the constitutive activation of signaling pathways downstream of the affected geneoften leadto the constitutive activation of signaling pathways downstream of the affected gene

Sporadic cancers ( i.e. non - hereditary(passive) are caused bySporadic cancers ( i.e. non - hereditary

cancer in specific tissues ... for examplecan causecancer in specific tissues ... for example

in changes in growth regulation of the affected tissuesresultin changes in growth regulation of the affected tissues

in changes in genotypes and phenotypes , such as malignant mutations giving rise to cancersresultin changes in genotypes and phenotypes , such as malignant mutations giving rise to cancers

to the malfunction ( or death ) of one or more somatic cells ... it is possible for multiple somatic mutations to produce [ [ cancercan leadto the malfunction ( or death ) of one or more somatic cells ... it is possible for multiple somatic mutations to produce [ [ cancer

cancer , aging , and general genome instabilitycan causecancer , aging , and general genome instability

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