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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

in the cell line derived from large cell carcinoma of the lung(passive) has been discoveredSomatic Point mutation K122N

any known factorsinfluencingsomatic mutation rate

the factorsinfluencesomatic mtDNA mutations

changes to the chromosome number(passive) are caused byChromosomal mutation

the change in structure and number of chromosomes(passive) is caused byChromosomal mutation

in human cancer(passive) are discoveredsomatic STAT5 mutations

DNA damage and copying errors in the genes of tumour cells(passive) are caused bySomatic mutations

the diseasecausingIVS1 mutation

by mobile genetic elements or errors in DNA repair(passive) caused bySomatic mutations

mobile genetic elements or errors in DNA repair(passive) caused bySomatic mutations

the mechanisms and potential genetic interactionscausesomatic mutations

mitochondrial genes(passive) are sometimes caused bySomatic mutations

We used whole - genome sequencingto discoversomatic mutations

by chemicals(passive) caused bychromosomal mutation

environmental agents ... mutagenscausesomatic mutations

the DNAcausingsomatic mutations

by gene - environment interactions(passive) caused bysomatic mutations

Some environmental exposures like smoking and radiationcan also causesomatic mutations

by different mutational processes(passive) caused bysomatic mutations

DNA damage and deficiency of DNA repair systems ... two major forcesto causesomatic mutations

other drugscauseCHROMOSOMAL MUTATION

well - studied p53 pathway cancerto ... causingsomatic mutations

whole - genome sequencingto discoversomatic mutations

Exposure to exogenous mutagenscan causesomatic mutations

by TP53 gene(passive) caused bysomatic mutations

by environmental factors meaning ... not inherited(passive) are ... caused bysomatic mutations

by environmental factors meaning ... not inherited (passive) are ... caused bysomatic mutations

resequencing protein coding regionsto discoversomatic mutations

by various mutagenic processes(passive) caused bysomatic mutations

cancercausingsomatic mutations

carcinogens like cigarette smoke or UV rays from the sun(passive) can be caused bySomatic mutations

DNA damagecan ... causesomatic mutations

Scientistshave discoveredsomatic mutations

smoking or environmental factors(passive) can be caused bySomatic mutations

the potentialto causesomatic mutations

environmental factorscausingsomatic mutations

environmental factors(passive) can be caused bySomatic mutations

by environmental factors(passive) are ... caused bysomatic mutations

by environmental factors(passive) are ... causedsomatic mutations

no potential mutagencausingsomatic mutations

I major histocompatibility antigen(passive) caused byI major histocompatibility antigen

cancercausescancer

to aberrant constitutiveleadto aberrant constitutive

a defect in negative regulation of TSHcan causea defect in negative regulation of TSH

in MSI - H statusresultsin MSI - H status

to functional damage in critical cell ormay leadto functional damage in critical cell or

to tumor developmentleadingto tumor development

to intrinsic epileptogenicity in pediatric brain tumorscontributesto intrinsic epileptogenicity in pediatric brain tumors

to intrinsic epileptogenicity in pediatric brain tumors)?contributesto intrinsic epileptogenicity in pediatric brain tumors)?

to the development of age - associated diseasecontributeto the development of age - associated disease

port - wine stains(passive) caused byport - wine stains

to loss of gene or gene product functionleadingto loss of gene or gene product function

to the cancer phenotypecontributeto the cancer phenotype

to the constitutive activation of signaling pathways downstream of the affected geneoften leadto the constitutive activation of signaling pathways downstream of the affected gene

Sporadic cancers ( i.e. non - hereditary(passive) are caused bySporadic cancers ( i.e. non - hereditary

cancer in specific tissues ... for examplecan causecancer in specific tissues ... for example

in changes in growth regulation of the affected tissuesresultin changes in growth regulation of the affected tissues

in changes in genotypes and phenotypes , such as malignant mutations giving rise to cancersresultin changes in genotypes and phenotypes , such as malignant mutations giving rise to cancers

cancer , aging , and general genome instabilitycan causecancer , aging , and general genome instability

to the constitutive activation of the pathwayleadingto the constitutive activation of the pathway

activation of oncogenes or loss of function of tumor - suppressor genescausingactivation of oncogenes or loss of function of tumor - suppressor genes

to the development of these disordersleadto the development of these disorders

to chromosome instability in human tumorscould contributeto chromosome instability in human tumors

predisposition to multiple sporadic cancerscausingpredisposition to multiple sporadic cancers

to the pathogenesis of the diseasecontributingto the pathogenesis of the disease

to cancer progression and drug resistanceledto cancer progression and drug resistance

to the development of cancerous tumorscontributeto the development of cancerous tumors

to multiple sporadic cancerscausingto multiple sporadic cancers

human cancerscausinghuman cancers

before tumor initiation in patients of various ageoriginatedbefore tumor initiation in patients of various age

constitutive activation of this processcausingconstitutive activation of this process

in constitutive activation of the BRAF kinaseresultin constitutive activation of the BRAF kinase

to the development of tumorscontributeto the development of tumors

to the development of tumorsleadto the development of tumors

to tumor developmentleadto tumor development

in tumor developmentresultin tumor development

to cancer or other chronic degenerative processes such as agingleadingto cancer or other chronic degenerative processes such as aging

to an increase of kinase activity ofleadingto an increase of kinase activity of

to the diseaseleadto the disease

the diseasecould causethe disease

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