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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

by overgrazing , deforestation , high levels of taxation and poor infrastructure(passive) caused bysoil degradation[1

The impacts of cultivation of the past several decades ... likelyto have influencedsoil formation.[7

by flooding(passive) caused bySoil waterlogging

neglecting regular pumping of the septic tank(passive) caused bysoil clogging

Extreme soil pHcan ... leadto soil sealing

by heavy metals(passive) caused bySoil contaminations

by using heavy equipment on the surface when the soil is wet(passive) can be causedSoil compaction

after raincausinga sealing of the soil

areashas causedsoil salinisation

the problemsresultingfrom soil sealing

by the construction of roads(passive) caused bythe soil sealing

specifically thoseresultingfrom soil sealing

Urban constructionleadsto soil sealing

the issuesresultingfrom soil sealing

inefficient cultivation and irrigation systemscausesoil salinisation

precipitation and urbanisationleadsto soil sealing

by driving rain on the soil surface(passive) caused bysoil compaction

soil type and characterization of physico - chemical factorsinfluencingsoil corrosivity

heavy farm equipmentcausessoil compaction

by wheel traffic or tillage operations(passive) caused bySoil compaction

by paving and buildings(passive) caused bysoil sealing

the energycausessoil densification

Wet soilcan causesoil compaction

mechanical activity , such as heavy construction equipment and foot trafficcan causesoil compaction

by lawn traffic such as walking and moving(passive) caused bySoil compaction

by traffic from agricultural machinery(passive) caused bySoil compaction

by agricultural machinery traffic(passive) caused bysoil compaction

Repeated wetting and dryingmay causesoil densification

different types of organic manure in a long - term field experiment in Central Spain(passive) influenced bysoil microarthropods

by running heavy equipment over the soil and human traffic(passive) caused bySoil compaction

by agricultural tire traffic(passive) caused bysoil compaction

by heavy harvesting machinery(passive) caused bysoil compaction

by human trampling , wheel traffic or animal grazing(passive) caused bySoil compaction

by tractor wheel traffic(passive) caused bysoil compaction

by agricultural field traffic(passive) e.g. caused bysoil compaction

Harvesting crops in wet field conditionscan causesoil compaction

Traffic on a fieldcausessoil compaction

answers farm machinery(passive) is caused bysoil aeration

by heavy vehicles parking in the yard(passive) caused bysoil compaction

After decomposed in soil , sodium polyacrylate would be break into water , carbon dioxide and sodiumwould causesoil alkalization

from sprinkler drop impactresultedfrom sprinkler drop impact

thoughdoes ... causethough

in critical shrinkage or important source swellingcan resultin critical shrinkage or important source swelling

root burningto causeroot burning

to loss of soil organic matter and increased accumulation and loss of soil nitratecan leadto loss of soil organic matter and increased accumulation and loss of soil nitrate

to deeper root growth and healthier lawn areasleadsto deeper root growth and healthier lawn areas

in loss of nitrate - nitrogen to the atmosphereresultingin loss of nitrate - nitrogen to the atmosphere

to meet your needsdesignedto meet your needs

an irreversible loss of soil and its functionscausesan irreversible loss of soil and its functions

to poor plant growthleadsto poor plant growth

an irreversible loss of the biological functions of soilcausesan irreversible loss of the biological functions of soil

to better water infiltration and drainageleadsto better water infiltration and drainage

damagecausesdamage

in increased denitrificationresultingin increased denitrification

This process(passive) is influenced byThis process

a near complete loss of soil biodiversityalso causesa near complete loss of soil biodiversity

the extensive land consumption(passive) caused bythe extensive land consumption

the extensive land consumption(passive) caused bythe extensive land consumption

rapid overland flowcan causerapid overland flow

the dirtcausingthe dirt

ecological impact(passive) caused byecological impact

the grasscausingthe grass

adverse effectscausesadverse effects

significant ( quantitative and qualitative ) changes in groundwater recharging and in the water balancecausessignificant ( quantitative and qualitative ) changes in groundwater recharging and in the water balance

adverse effects on , or complete loss of , soil functions and prevents soil from fulfilling important ecological functionscausesadverse effects on , or complete loss of , soil functions and prevents soil from fulfilling important ecological functions

the stress on the pipe(passive) caused bythe stress on the pipe

to factors that adversely affect plant nutrition and growthcan leadto factors that adversely affect plant nutrition and growth

to impairment in soil fertilitymay leadto impairment in soil fertility

to feed plants and aid in attracting beneficial soil micro - organismsdesignedto feed plants and aid in attracting beneficial soil micro - organisms

a riskcausesa risk

in improved surface drainage and root growthresultingin improved surface drainage and root growth

bad farming practicescausedbad farming practices

damagecan causedamage

to the deterioration of soil structureleadingto the deterioration of soil structure

in poor soil aeration , excessively high or low soil temperatures , and above - ground conditions that result in low translocation of sugars to plant rootsresultingin poor soil aeration , excessively high or low soil temperatures , and above - ground conditions that result in low translocation of sugars to plant roots

to increased soil strengthleadingto increased soil strength

in reduction of the infiltration ratewill resultin reduction of the infiltration rate

bad drainage , reduced air circulation and poor root penetrationcausesbad drainage , reduced air circulation and poor root penetration

in a reduction of porosity and an increase in soil bulk densityresultsin a reduction of porosity and an increase in soil bulk density

to problems with drainage and plant establishment Compacted soilsLeadsto problems with drainage and plant establishment Compacted soils

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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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