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Smart Reasoning:

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

the outcomes ... self - reportingmight have ledto social desirability bias

because the study uses self - reportingmay createsocial desirability bias

The data ... the communitycould resultin social desirability bias

This most likely affected their behaviourleadingto social desirability bias

questions regarding the attitude of the studentscould have ledto a social desirability bias

by implementing the all the above methods i.e. to minimize central tendency bias and acquiescence bias and also by making the questions indirect(passive) can be preventedSocial desirability bias

For older children like adolescents , sometimes self - report questionnaires were usedmay have ledto social desirability bias

the intention of participants in a study to respond to interview questions in a manner they believe protect their social interest(passive) is caused bySocial desirability bias

The results for the PD section ( Q7 - 9 ) were tightly clustered in the extreme positive end of the scale suggesting the wording of the questionscontributedto social desirability bias

respondents who choose answers based on what they think is socially acceptable ( Lindsay and Roxas 2011(passive) is caused bySocial desirability bias

people ’s desire to present themselves in a favorable light(passive) is caused bySocial desirability bias

that the interviewer desires certain responsespotentially leadingto social desirability bias

part of the results ... the respondentsmight provokesocial desirability bias

Participants may have reported increased behaviors to satisfy the researchersleadingto a social desirability bias

the outcomes ... the respondentsmight provokesocial desirability bias

The nature of the surveymay have ledto a social desirability bias

The results ... in - person interviewsmay leadto social desirability bias

a benefitmight ... causea social desirability bias

interviewer administrated questionnairemight resultsocial desirability bias

to answer in a favorable waycreatingsocial desirability bias

certain limitations , such as those arising from the use of questionnaires self - completedcan leadto social desirability bias

symptoms might have been affected by students ’ expectation of the survey ’s intentleadingto social desirability bias

The multiple - choice format of the questionnairemay have contributedto a social - desirability bias

respondent 's answers can be heavily influenced by the examiner 's attitudes or the testsetting* Social Desirability Bias

A key limitation of the study ... the topicsmight contributeto social desirability bias

the examiner ’s attitudes or the testsetting* Social Desirability Bias

interviewer administrated questionermight resultsocial desirability bias

the potentialto createa social - desirability bias

the familiarity of these communities with the ICEMR and study team membersledto social desirability bias

study ... questionnairescan leadto social desirability bias

the collection of data ... face interviewmight leadto social desirability bias

the younger peoplemay createsocial desirability bias

this study ... declarations of residentsmight have provokeda social desirability bias

the MCCI - SF ... a self - report measurecould leadto a social desirability bias

greater approval of treatment from a government providerresultingin a social desirability bias

i.e. , more salient in some cultures than others ) , which is an additional limitation of this cross - cultural study(passive) is ... influencedsocial desirability bias

The biggest limitation of the Big Five personality test ... its subjective naturecan leadto social desirability bias

when respondingmay resultin social desirability bias

The questionnaires were self - administeredmay have causeda social desirability bias

the survey administration methodmay have resultedin social desirability bias

interview responses(passive) may have been influenced byinterview responses

parents ’ responsesmay have influencedparents ’ responses

client responsesmay have influencedclient responses

the responses of some parentsmay have influencedthe responses of some parents

provider responsesmay have influencedprovider responses

the pharmacists ’ responsesinfluencedthe pharmacists ’ responses

respondents ' responsesmay have influencedrespondents ' responses

participants ' responses(passive) were influenced byparticipants ' responses

responses to the satisfaction questionnairesmay influenceresponses to the satisfaction questionnaires

subjects ' responsesinfluencedsubjects ' responses

people 's responses when talking to other peopleinfluencespeople 's responses when talking to other people

people who and certificatesleadspeople who and certificates

responses to explicit attitude measures(passive) may be influenced byresponses to explicit attitude measures

CMDs ’ responses to the survey questionsmay have influencedCMDs ’ responses to the survey questions

many responses provided in the context of this study(passive) are influenced bymany responses provided in the context of this study

favourable reporting of responses by medical officersmight have influencedfavourable reporting of responses by medical officers

their responses ( Donaldson & Grant - Vallone , 2002may have also influencedtheir responses ( Donaldson & Grant - Vallone , 2002

people ’s reporting of transphobiamay influencepeople ’s reporting of transphobia

people to deny smokingmay causepeople to deny smoking

people to seek consensuscausespeople to seek consensus

As with all such surveys , responses to the questions on attitude and behaviour ( but not knowledge(passive) may have been influenced byAs with all such surveys , responses to the questions on attitude and behaviour ( but not knowledge

responses to assessment items ... as has been reported elsewhere [ 71might have influencedresponses to assessment items ... as has been reported elsewhere [ 71

alsomay ... have ... influencedalso

the participants not to provide genuine responses when asked about their deviant behaviorswould causethe participants not to provide genuine responses when asked about their deviant behaviors

to people minimizing their activities that they perceivemay leadto people minimizing their activities that they perceive

some people from admitting a lack of interestmay preventsome people from admitting a lack of interest

responses on the posttest ... because officers likely knew that an improvement in attitudes was expectedmay have influencedresponses on the posttest ... because officers likely knew that an improvement in attitudes was expected

people to deny their support for Proposition 19 to live interviewers.[145][156causingpeople to deny their support for Proposition 19 to live interviewers.[145][156

a bias in the responses of subjects caused by their desire either conscious or unconsciouscan createa bias in the responses of subjects caused by their desire either conscious or unconscious

responses in surveys where questions are asked in such a way that they signal what the “ right ” answer iscan also influenceresponses in surveys where questions are asked in such a way that they signal what the “ right ” answer is

male responses on fear of crime surveys along with gender stereotypesinfluencesmale responses on fear of crime surveys along with gender stereotypes

participants to choose responses that they believe are more socially acceptable and can influence results ( Sallis & Saelens , 2000can causeparticipants to choose responses that they believe are more socially acceptable and can influence results ( Sallis & Saelens , 2000

some people with extensive relationships with industry not to respond ... and some respondents to under - report their relationshipsmay have promptedsome people with extensive relationships with industry not to respond ... and some respondents to under - report their relationships

to over - reporting of vote intentions and artificially high " undecided " responses ( an unwillingness to disclose true preferences to a strangerleadsto over - reporting of vote intentions and artificially high " undecided " responses ( an unwillingness to disclose true preferences to a stranger

in survey responses from respondents39 desire to be viewed more favorably by others typically resulting in overreporting of positive behaviors and underreporting of negative behaviorscreatedin survey responses from respondents39 desire to be viewed more favorably by others typically resulting in overreporting of positive behaviors and underreporting of negative behaviors

a respondent to respond in a fashion that he or she thinks is correct or better or less embarrassing , rather than providing true and honest responsescan leada respondent to respond in a fashion that he or she thinks is correct or better or less embarrassing , rather than providing true and honest responses

HCWs responses in a number of areas , including compliance with UP ... perception of barriers to safe practice and workplace safety climatecould have influencedHCWs responses in a number of areas , including compliance with UP ... perception of barriers to safe practice and workplace safety climate

the results.19,20influencedthe results.19,20

what people feel it is acceptable to say about financial incentives in a focus group or interviewto influencewhat people feel it is acceptable to say about financial incentives in a focus group or interview

people from expressing their opinion if it may cause them to appear negatively [ 5,6preventspeople from expressing their opinion if it may cause them to appear negatively [ 5,6

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Smart Reasoning:

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