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When a first messenger , a hormone , binds to a receptor , a signal cascade is set off ,causingsecond messengers
the contact with parasites(passive) triggered bysecond messengers
as each acts through a particular set of G proteinsto influencesecond messengers
whereas a secondary Ca2 + influx is thoughtto resultfrom second messengers
the American biochemist E.congenital nystagmus , Duaneвs syndrome ) , a potentially serious but treatable disorder ( e. 0000 P388DOX tumor cell line(passive) were first discovered bySecond messengers
B. Activate amplifier enzymescreateintracellular second messengers
Transport proteinswill resultof the second messengers
the American biochemist Pfovider(passive) were first discovered bySecond messengers
LI ... ableto influenceintracellular second messengers
the American biochemist E. 4(passive) were ... discovered bySecond messengers
patientsare ... causeda second messengers
lack of calcium(passive) caused bysecond messengers
signals from outside the cell(passive) triggered bysecond messengers
either flow-(passive) are triggered bysecond messengers
the activated receptor(passive) triggered bysecond - messengers
CCH stimulation(passive) triggered bysecond messengers
Lithium ions(passive) triggered bySecond messengers
Earl Wilbur Sutherlanddiscoveredsecond messengers
the elimination of calcium - mediated adaptation(passive) caused bysecond messengers
the cell receptor binding of VEGF(passive) normally triggered bythe second messengers
a series of molecular interactions that will alter the physiologic state of the cellthen will triggera series of molecular interactions that will alter the physiologic state of the cell
physiological changes at cellular level such as proliferation , differentiation , migration , survival , apoptosis and depolarizationtriggerphysiological changes at cellular level such as proliferation , differentiation , migration , survival , apoptosis and depolarization
the signaling cascadetriggerthe signaling cascade
to nuclear factor ( NF)‐κB activationleadingto nuclear factor ( NF)‐κB activation
the actions of BETA CATENIN 1 Canonical Wnt Pathwaysinfluencethe actions of BETA CATENIN 1 Canonical Wnt Pathways
to NF‐κB activation in response to extracellular stimulileadingto NF‐κB activation in response to extracellular stimuli
neurotoxic signaling pathwaystriggerneurotoxic signaling pathways
a series of molecular interactions that alter II , antidiuretic hormone , gonadotropin - releasing hormone , thyroid - releasing hormonethen triggera series of molecular interactions that alter II , antidiuretic hormone , gonadotropin - releasing hormone , thyroid - releasing hormone
in the mobilization of intracellular calcium and the activation of protein kinase C , respectively ( Figure 5Aresultin the mobilization of intracellular calcium and the activation of protein kinase C , respectively ( Figure 5A
a cascade of events within the celltriggera cascade of events within the cell
in what is thought of as a “ second messenger pathwayresultingin what is thought of as a “ second messenger pathway
different mechanisms to reduce cell volumecan triggerdifferent mechanisms to reduce cell volume
a change inside the cell ( through a protein kinase cascadecausea change inside the cell ( through a protein kinase cascade
a cascade of molecular reactions that leads to changes in cell behaviortriggera cascade of molecular reactions that leads to changes in cell behavior
to NF - κB activation in T cells and that initiate the expression of genes for Th1 cytokines ( IL-2 , TNF - α , and gamma interferon ) ( 36leadto NF - κB activation in T cells and that initiate the expression of genes for Th1 cytokines ( IL-2 , TNF - α , and gamma interferon ) ( 36
to modulation of glucocorticoid receptor activity ( 38–40leadingto modulation of glucocorticoid receptor activity ( 38–40
in what is thought of as ... J. Allocca and A. Stuart , Transducers : Theory and Application , Reston 1984resultingin what is thought of as ... J. Allocca and A. Stuart , Transducers : Theory and Application , Reston 1984
in the mediation of cellular activities such as proliferation , differentiation , chemotaxis , survival , trafficking and Glucose homeostasisresultsin the mediation of cellular activities such as proliferation , differentiation , chemotaxis , survival , trafficking and Glucose homeostasis
many effects on the body to membrane receptors that are G protein - coupled receptors to cytosolic receptors that are G protein - coupled receptors to membrane receptors possessing tyrosine kinase activity to nuclear receptors to cytosolic receptors that dimerize after binding Which drug used in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis selectively acts on bone and on estrogen receptors in the livercausingmany effects on the body to membrane receptors that are G protein - coupled receptors to cytosolic receptors that are G protein - coupled receptors to membrane receptors possessing tyrosine kinase activity to nuclear receptors to cytosolic receptors that dimerize after binding Which drug used in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis selectively acts on bone and on estrogen receptors in the liver
2 pathways : Ca2create2 pathways : Ca2
a change in the cells creating amplification to the hormone that change the physical state of the celltriggera change in the cells creating amplification to the hormone that change the physical state of the cell
the cell 's response to the first messenger <triggerthe cell 's response to the first messenger <
to hypertrophic signaling cascadesleadingto hypertrophic signaling cascades
to granule release and fresh synthesis of mediatorsleadto granule release and fresh synthesis of mediators
to vasodilationleadsto vasodilation
subsequentlytriggersubsequently
during downstream PLC - mediated phosphatidylinositol 4createdduring downstream PLC - mediated phosphatidylinositol 4
to shape change and granule secretionleadto shape change and granule secretion
in the hair cell or in neighboring cellsoriginatingin the hair cell or in neighboring cells
in alterations in gene transcriptioneventually resultingin alterations in gene transcription
to the functional expression of glycoprotein ( GP ) IIb / IIIa receptorsleadingto the functional expression of glycoprotein ( GP ) IIb / IIIa receptors
from PLC - γ activationresultingfrom PLC - γ activation
other enzymatic activities controlling ion channels or cell metabolismtriggerother enzymatic activities controlling ion channels or cell metabolism
exocytosis of secretory granules ( 22 , 51 , 54 , 55triggerexocytosis of secretory granules ( 22 , 51 , 54 , 55
physiological changes such as proliferation , differentiation , migration , survival , and apoptosistriggerphysiological changes such as proliferation , differentiation , migration , survival , and apoptosis
and execute cell death pathwaysmight triggerand execute cell death pathways
to cellular proliferation or differentiationleadingto cellular proliferation or differentiation
to the modification of the regulatory TFleading thento the modification of the regulatory TF
to expression of antiviral and immune modulatory genesultimately leadingto expression of antiviral and immune modulatory genes
to the release of intracellular calcium , which binds to calmodulin and results in the activation and nuclear translocation of MAPKleadingto the release of intracellular calcium , which binds to calmodulin and results in the activation and nuclear translocation of MAPK