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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

RandomisationA method usedto preventbias in research

no hormones , growth factors or serum compoundscan causeresearch bias

The story ... designedto preventresearch bias

Placebos ... to helppreventbias in research

Control Group Randomization Investigational Group Randomization ... usedto preventbias in research

the common method varianceresultedin research bias

patients and their doctors ... helppreventbias in research

Placebos also helppreventbias in research

a common safeguard known as double blinding designedto preventresearch bias

can provide an accurate estimate of their child ’s HRQL using PedsQL Proxies should be used where self - report is not availableMay preventresearch bias Importance

That debate has largely focused on the potential for poor conflicts management within firms that produce investment researchto leadto biased research

Explainpreventbiases in research

the lack of political diversity in scientific psychologyleadsto biased research

any negative effectsresultingfrom research bias

Studies ... random double blind trialsto preventresearch bias

inappropriate generalisationleadsto biased research

Dependence on industrymay leadto biased research

The selection of the parameters to investigatecould also resultin research bias

university policies regarding conflict of interest and growing industry sponsorship of university research are frequently imprecise , inconsistent , and inadequateto preventbias in research

university policies regarding conflict of interest and growing industry sponsorship of university research ... inadequateto preventbias in research

The neglect of these trade - offsleadsto biased research

mistakes in how you set up … and run your study that end up affecting what you learn.(passive) is caused byResearch bias

ties between academic medical institutions and the pharmaceutical industrymay leadto biased research

measuresto preventsearch bias

During a double blinded study of a new medication what must the researcher addto preventbias of the research

orderto preventresearch bias

politics Scientists blasted claims(passive) led bybiased research

the self - perpetuating annotation inequality cycleresultsin research bias

that universities perform on drugsleadingto research bias

participants with different types of pre - testing motivation(passive) caused byresearch bias

For instance , the objects of the studies , the methods and the experimental conditions are subjectively selected by researcherspotentially resultingin research bias

The Yale School of Medicine ’s decision to accept a fellowship grant from PepsiCocould leadto biased research

no ' vested ' interestto createbiases in research

to clarify answersto preventresearch bias

conscious complicity ... promotion and tenure advancementmay leadto research bias

The time of the surveycontributesto research bias

To tryto preventresearch bias

that are being paid by the same intereststo createbiased research

her allegations ,createdbiased research

not being blinded ( a toolto preventbias in research

in doctors giving patients improper and even harmful treatment and medical researchers and journal editorscan resultin doctors giving patients improper and even harmful treatment and medical researchers and journal editors

Direct Harms(passive) Caused ByDirect Harms

in deceptive info to the general publicresultin deceptive info to the general public

a perceived benefit , which gets the medication cleared for public consumptioncreatesa perceived benefit , which gets the medication cleared for public consumption

to confuse and misinform the public by creating uncertainties about the realities of global warmingdesignedto confuse and misinform the public by creating uncertainties about the realities of global warming

the outcome of any study – which can lead to questionable conclusions that influence people ’s opinions and even public policycan influencethe outcome of any study – which can lead to questionable conclusions that influence people ’s opinions and even public policy

to invalid conclusionsleadsto invalid conclusions

to poor decisions in research , product approval , and clinical caremay leadto poor decisions in research , product approval , and clinical care

to an exaggerated emphasis on the problems of bi - polar disorder at the expense of potential positive aspects , such as increased creativityhave ledto an exaggerated emphasis on the problems of bi - polar disorder at the expense of potential positive aspects , such as increased creativity

in uneven distribution of biological surveys and subsequent flawed knowledge on identity , distribution and attributes of species , which has major consequences for conservation ( Clark and May , 2002resultin uneven distribution of biological surveys and subsequent flawed knowledge on identity , distribution and attributes of species , which has major consequences for conservation ( Clark and May , 2002

to partisan and ideologically based decision makingcan leadto partisan and ideologically based decision making

in supporting your prejudicesalways resultsin supporting your prejudices

ultimatelyleadsultimately

to produce predetermined ( and embellished ) conclusionscarefully designedto produce predetermined ( and embellished ) conclusions

harm ... to consumersmay causeharm ... to consumers

to elicit the desired answersdesignedto elicit the desired answers

nutritional policyinfluencesnutritional policy

to cover up the hazards of sugardesignedto cover up the hazards of sugar

a field astraycould ... leada field astray

hiring outcomes , including interviewer - applicant similarity , pre - interview impressions , applicant appearance , and faulty decision - makingcan influencehiring outcomes , including interviewer - applicant similarity , pre - interview impressions , applicant appearance , and faulty decision - making

women from achieving success at the same level and rate as menpreventwomen from achieving success at the same level and rate as men

distorted results and mistaken conclusionsmay causedistorted results and mistaken conclusions

to suspicion about the honesty of the whole scientific communitymay leadto suspicion about the honesty of the whole scientific community

treatment decisionscould be influencingtreatment decisions

to a further erosion of health disparitiesmay leadto a further erosion of health disparities

on the other handcan leadon the other hand

distorted results and wrong conclusionscan causedistorted results and wrong conclusions

from picking certain patientsmight resultfrom picking certain patients

unnecessary animal suffering , unnecessary expenditures by governments and private organizations on preclinical and clinical research , unnecessary human experimentationcausesunnecessary animal suffering , unnecessary expenditures by governments and private organizations on preclinical and clinical research , unnecessary human experimentation

funding decisions(passive) are ... influenced byfunding decisions

in hurting womenmay resultin hurting women

to an overstatement of respondents willingness to follow their stated behaviourleadsto an overstatement of respondents willingness to follow their stated behaviour

to bad personas , which will lead to bad marketing , bad sales and unhappy customers or worse yet : the wrong customers entirelywill leadto bad personas , which will lead to bad marketing , bad sales and unhappy customers or worse yet : the wrong customers entirely

the medicine tumor , to determine combinations flawed with 10-m - high surfaces and to have not pedagogical antibiotic finals for applied dose genres , Evidence - based forces and um formto ... Preventthe medicine tumor , to determine combinations flawed with 10-m - high surfaces and to have not pedagogical antibiotic finals for applied dose genres , Evidence - based forces and um form

the importance of those aspects in search resultsinfluencesthe importance of those aspects in search results

discovery and treatment of causespreventsdiscovery and treatment of causes

the outcome of any study – which can ... Continue CBDcan influencethe outcome of any study – which can ... Continue CBD

the outcome of the researchmay influencethe outcome of the research

to give those against reform political coverdesignedto give those against reform political cover

in doctors giving patients improper treatmentcan resultin doctors giving patients improper treatment

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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

See more*