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many factors including : publication bias , where studies only report positive results , time - lag bias , where authors report results very quickly or slowly after completing the study , multiple or duplicate publication bias , where authors publish many papers on the same study data , location bias , when the paper is published in an easily accessible versus a less accessible journal , citation bias , when papers have different citation frequencies depending on the results , language bias , when a paper is published in a specific language depending on the results , outcome reporting bias , when papers only report positive outcomes(passive) can be caused byReporting bias
systematic reviews and meta - analyses ... decades - long callsto preventreporting biases [ 102,103,104
suggestscreatea framework for assessing bias
These systemscreatereporting bias
whether any attempts were madeto preventbiased reporting of implementation
The current peer review process for manuscripts ... sufficientto preventreporting bias
to outsource monitoring and evaluationto preventbiases associated with self - reporting
# 1 - Mon Feb 4 , 2013 10:14 AM ESTStephen17401Its not just about the " placebo effect " , it 's also meant as a double - blind testing methodto preventreporting bias
Reporting of all assessed outcomes is importantto preventreporting bias
recommending the avoidance of long recall periodsmay causereporting bias
orderto preventreporting bias
objective consideration of an issue or situation republicanspreventsobjective consideration of an issue or situation republicans
data or an argument to be weighted towards one sidecausesdata or an argument to be weighted towards one side
Traditional methods of capturing social , functional and behavioural data , provided by the patients themselves(passive) could be influenced byTraditional methods of capturing social , functional and behavioural data , provided by the patients themselves
Traditional methods of capturing social , functional and behavioral data , provided by the patients themselves(passive) could be influenced byTraditional methods of capturing social , functional and behavioral data , provided by the patients themselves
the extent(passive) are influenced bythe extent
objective consideration of an issue or situationwhypreventsobjective consideration of an issue or situationwhy
to stimulate discussion about ethical aspects of the supervisor - trainee relationship and biasdesignedto stimulate discussion about ethical aspects of the supervisor - trainee relationship and bias
people from being objectivepreventspeople from being objective
the composition of data that machine learning systems learn fromcan influencethe composition of data that machine learning systems learn from
game in an unfair wayinfluencesgame in an unfair way