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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

a results - free peer review processwill leadto less publication bias

In addition , studies with negative results may not be publishedmay causepotential publication bias

the search strategy ... the studiescausedpotential publication bias

by lack of access to unpublished study results data(passive) caused byPotential publication bias

by lack of access to unpublished study results data (passive) caused bypotential publication bias

lack of access to unpublished study results data(passive) caused bypotential publication bias

studies with negative results or small sample size may not be publishedcan causepotential publication bias

research with negative resultscan causepotential publication bias

in the meta - analysis(passive) was discoveredNo significant publication bias

by lack of access to unpublished study results(passive) caused bypotential publication bias

studies with negative resultsmay causepotential publication bias

its findingsmay ... have been influencedquot;signs of publication bias

by the results of the included studies(passive) caused bye publication bias

by lack of access to(passive) caused byPotential publication bias

The actions of the UCLA School of Public Health with respect to Dr. Enstrom 's firingmay well contributetoward publication bias

by the non - publication(passive) may be caused byThe possibility of publication bias

relevant unpublished trials , which are more likely to be small studies with non - significant resultsleadingto publication bias

which are more likely to be small studies with non - significant resultsleadingto publication bias

to use funnel plotsto discoverthe possibility of publication bias

Publication bias Authors and journal editors ... publish papers with positive findingscan leadto publication bias

Publication of negative studies is as important as positive studies as absence of onemay leadto publication bias

Publication bias Authors and journal editors ... positive findingscan leadto publication bias

First , some studies reporting negative results may not be publishedresultsin publication bias

that studies that found non - significant result have not been publishedmight leadto a publication bias

This study had several drawbacks : articles and data were not too many according to the inclusion criteriacausedpublication bias

Factorsinfluencingpublication bias in outpatients

Study funding patterns ... independent factorsinfluencethe publication bias

All the information in this systematic review came from the published literature , with special reports or unpublished data not being includedcould causepublication bias

Second , some studies with negative results may not be publishedcould causepublication bias

by the non - publication of small number of studies with negative findings(passive) may be causedpublication bias

In addition , certain studies with negative results may not have been reportedmay have resultedin publication bias

by the results of a trial being more likely to be published(passive) caused byPublication bias Bias

by the fact that small studies with positive results are more likely to be published than those with negative results(passive) caused bypublication bias

by the results of the included studies(passive) caused byThe publication bias

by the results of the included studies(passive) caused bya publication bias

studies published in Englishmay leadto publication bias

Finally , studies with negative results or small sample size may not be publishedcan causepublication bias

which are often likely to be small studies without positive resultsleadingto publication bias

by lack of publication of studies with negative results(passive) caused bypublication bias

Third , studies with negative results may have been published with a lower frequencyleadingto publication bias

their resultsto have appreciably influencedtheir results

the findings ... yet little evidence of publication bias was observedmight influencethe findings ... yet little evidence of publication bias was observed

in seriousto resultin serious

in seriousto resultin serious

in an overestimate of the effect sizeto resultin an overestimate of the effect size

in an overestimate of the effect size to resultin an overestimate of the effect size

in an overestimate of the effect size orto resultin an overestimate of the effect size or

in serious under reporting of negative effectsto resultin serious under reporting of negative effects

the findingsmight influencethe findings

to this resultmay have contributedto this result

the observed aggregated resultsinfluencedthe observed aggregated results

that worked are reported ... but that the community does not learn about the failed studiesresultsthat worked are reported ... but that the community does not learn about the failed studies

to an overestimation of the effectmay have ledto an overestimation of the effect

that worked are reportedresultsthat worked are reported

asymmetry in the plotcan causeasymmetry in the plot

their resultsto causetheir results

our findingsto have influencedour findings

when studies that don?t find harm fail to get publishedcausedwhen studies that don?t find harm fail to get published

the OR estimate and overall result ... ORdid ... influencethe OR estimate and overall result ... OR

to the preferential publication of small trials showing a statistically significant effect of the investigated treatment 5 , 6to leadto the preferential publication of small trials showing a statistically significant effect of the investigated treatment 5 , 6

in asymmetrical funnel plots [ 15 , 18to resultin asymmetrical funnel plots [ 15 , 18

to heterogeneity of the relation between exposure and outcomeleadto heterogeneity of the relation between exposure and outcome

to an overestimation of treatment effectleadsto an overestimation of treatment effect

from the non - publication of small studies with negative findingscan resultfrom the non - publication of small studies with negative findings

in smaller studies with non - significant outcomes not being publishedwill resultin smaller studies with non - significant outcomes not being published

to under - reporting of studies with small resultsleadingto under - reporting of studies with small results

the study results in this review(passive) have been influenced bythe study results in this review

from selective publication of studies , which is based on the direction and magnitude of the empirical resultsresultsfrom selective publication of studies , which is based on the direction and magnitude of the empirical results

from selective reporting of results by individual studiescould resultfrom selective reporting of results by individual studies

in a systematic review because studies with statistically significant results are more likely to be published than those that show no effect ( particularly for intervention studiescan resultin a systematic review because studies with statistically significant results are more likely to be published than those that show no effect ( particularly for intervention studies

to the over - reporting of significant resultsmay be leadingto the over - reporting of significant results

from a skewed selection of studies and study results in meta - analysesresultingfrom a skewed selection of studies and study results in meta - analyses

from failure to publish small negative studiesresultsfrom failure to publish small negative studies

in misleading estimates of treatment effects and associations between study variableswill resultin misleading estimates of treatment effects and associations between study variables

to misleading results Check publication biascan leadto misleading results Check publication bias

to the non - publication of studies with lower uptakeleadingto the non - publication of studies with lower uptake

overly optimistic effect estimates ... including more positive studiescausesoverly optimistic effect estimates ... including more positive studies

to the censoring of studies with non - significant resultsleadsto the censoring of studies with non - significant results

when only significant findings are publishedresultswhen only significant findings are published

the results of the analysismight influencethe results of the analysis

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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

See more*