First , some studies reporting negative results may not be publishedresultsin publication bias
that studies that found non - significant result have not been publishedmight leadto a publication bias
This study had several drawbacks : articles and data were not too many according to the inclusion criteriacausedpublication bias
Factorsinfluencingpublication bias in outpatients
Study funding patterns ... independent factorsinfluencethe publication bias
All the information in this systematic review came from the published literature , with special reports or unpublished data not being includedcould causepublication bias
Second , some studies with negative results may not be publishedcould causepublication bias
by the non - publication of small number of studies with negative findings(passive) may be causedpublication bias
In addition , certain studies with negative results may not have been reportedmay have resultedin publication bias
by the results of a trial being more likely to be published(passive) caused byPublication bias Bias
by the fact that small studies with positive results are more likely to be published than those with negative results(passive) caused bypublication bias
by the results of the included studies(passive) caused byThe publication bias
by the results of the included studies(passive) caused bya publication bias
studies published in Englishmay leadto publication bias
Finally , studies with negative results or small sample size may not be publishedcan causepublication bias
which are often likely to be small studies without positive resultsleadingto publication bias
by lack of publication of studies with negative results(passive) caused bypublication bias
Third , studies with negative results may have been published with a lower frequencyleadingto publication bias
their resultsto have appreciably influencedtheir results
the findings ... yet little evidence of publication bias was observedmight influencethe findings ... yet little evidence of publication bias was observed
in seriousto resultin serious
in seriousto resultin serious
in an overestimate of the effect sizeto resultin an overestimate of the effect size
in an overestimate of the effect size to resultin an overestimate of the effect size
in an overestimate of the effect size orto resultin an overestimate of the effect size or
in serious under reporting of negative effectsto resultin serious under reporting of negative effects
the findingsmight influencethe findings
to this resultmay have contributedto this result
the observed aggregated resultsinfluencedthe observed aggregated results
that worked are reported ... but that the community does not learn about the failed studiesresultsthat worked are reported ... but that the community does not learn about the failed studies
to an overestimation of the effectmay have ledto an overestimation of the effect
that worked are reportedresultsthat worked are reported
asymmetry in the plotcan causeasymmetry in the plot
their resultsto causetheir results
our findingsto have influencedour findings
when studies that don?t find harm fail to get publishedcausedwhen studies that don?t find harm fail to get published
the OR estimate and overall result ... ORdid ... influencethe OR estimate and overall result ... OR
to the preferential publication of small trials showing a statistically significant effect of the investigated treatment 5 , 6to leadto the preferential publication of small trials showing a statistically significant effect of the investigated treatment 5 , 6
to heterogeneity of the relation between exposure and outcomeleadto heterogeneity of the relation between exposure and outcome
to an overestimation of treatment effectleadsto an overestimation of treatment effect
from the non - publication of small studies with negative findingscan resultfrom the non - publication of small studies with negative findings
in smaller studies with non - significant outcomes not being publishedwill resultin smaller studies with non - significant outcomes not being published
to under - reporting of studies with small resultsleadingto under - reporting of studies with small results
the study results in this review(passive) have been influenced bythe study results in this review
from selective publication of studies , which is based on the direction and magnitude of the empirical resultsresultsfrom selective publication of studies , which is based on the direction and magnitude of the empirical results
from selective reporting of results by individual studiescould resultfrom selective reporting of results by individual studies
in a systematic review because studies with statistically significant results are more likely to be published than those that show no effect ( particularly for intervention studiescan resultin a systematic review because studies with statistically significant results are more likely to be published than those that show no effect ( particularly for intervention studies
to the over - reporting of significant resultsmay be leadingto the over - reporting of significant results
from a skewed selection of studies and study results in meta - analysesresultingfrom a skewed selection of studies and study results in meta - analyses
from failure to publish small negative studiesresultsfrom failure to publish small negative studies
in misleading estimates of treatment effects and associations between study variableswill resultin misleading estimates of treatment effects and associations between study variables