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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

further studies ... necessaryto discoverprostate cancer risk SNPs

by GWAS(passive) discovered byprostate cancer risk markers

Age , family history of prostate cancer and ethnicity are knownto influenceprostate cancer risk

breast and ovarian cancer history in family(passive) is strongly influenced byProstate cancer risk

Body fatnessstrongly influencesprostate cancer risk

some vitamins and mineralsmay influenceprostate - cancer risk

Fermented soy foods were not observedto influenceprostate cancer risk

some supplemental vitamins and mineralsmay influenceprostate - cancer risk

that individual - level factors act jointly with neighborhood - level social and built environment factorsto influenceprostate cancer risk

body mass in both younger and older adulthood and weight gain between these periods of lifemay influenceprostate cancer risk

the alleles that influence type II diabetes risk and glycemic traitsinfluenceprostate cancer risk

SNPs in certain AA metabolism genesmay influenceprostate cancer susceptibility

that SNPs in certain AA metabolism genesmay influenceprostate cancer susceptibility

by TURP(passive) Often Caused byProstate Cancer Bacteremia

the germlinemay influenceprostate cancer susceptibility

genesinfluenceprostate cancer metastasis

Defects in EPHB2may causesusceptibility to prostate cancer

the most important factorscausingprostate cancer metastasis

No genetic marker for prostate cancer(passive) has been discoveredProstate cancer screening

Worry or concern about prostate cancer ... a factorcould influencescreening for prostate cancer

No Effect on Overall Mortalitymay resultScreening for prostate cancer

a factorcould influencescreening for prostate cancer

Italian researchershave discoveredprostate cancer biomarkers

of both a digital rectal examination and a serum PSA(passive) is composedProstate cancer screening

the harmful interventional cascaderesultsfrom prostate cancer screening

Doctorsmight causeProstate cancer screenings

elevated testosterone levelscan causemetastatic prostate cancer

cancerous cells that have broken away from the tumor and then travel through the body through either the blood or the lymphatic system(passive) is caused byMetastatic prostate cancer

in the recipient(passive) was discoveredMetastatic prostate cancer

from swelling(passive) will be usually causedProstate cancer prostate cancer

Leach DA , Need EF , Toivanen R , Trotta AP , Palenthorpe HM , Tamblyn DJ , Kopsaftis T , England GM , Smith E , Drew PA , Pinnock CB , Lee P , Holst J , Risbridger GP , Chopra S , DeFranco DB , Taylor RA and Buchanan G. Stromal androgen receptor regulates the composition of the microenvironmentto influenceprostate cancer outcome

to later prostate cancer riskleadsto later prostate cancer risk

in formation of functional osteoclasts , evident by the presence of large osteoclast actin rings that are indicative of formation of sealing zones , a unique cell adhesion structures established at sites of osteoclast attachment to the bone surface [ 42 , 43resultsin formation of functional osteoclasts , evident by the presence of large osteoclast actin rings that are indicative of formation of sealing zones , a unique cell adhesion structures established at sites of osteoclast attachment to the bone surface [ 42 , 43

bone cellscausesbone cells

from the glandular tissueoriginatefrom the glandular tissue

bone cellscausesbone cells

to a reduction in prostate cancer mortalityhas ledto a reduction in prostate cancer mortality

of 10 proprietary genes that are differentially expressed in prostate cancer cellscomposedof 10 proprietary genes that are differentially expressed in prostate cancer cells

any symptomsdoes ... causeany symptoms

to an increased proportion of men being diagnosed with potentially curable prostate cancerhas ledto an increased proportion of men being diagnosed with potentially curable prostate cancer

in a lower risk of prostate cancer death for older menresultedin a lower risk of prostate cancer death for older men

in a relevant reduction in cancer mortality , greater than that reported in screening for breast or colorectal cancercan resultin a relevant reduction in cancer mortality , greater than that reported in screening for breast or colorectal cancer

in substantial overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatmenthas resultedin substantial overdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment

in substantial overdiagnosis and in unnecessary treatmenthas resultedin substantial overdiagnosis and in unnecessary treatment

to some unnecessary treatment RELATEDleadsto some unnecessary treatment RELATED

to more diagnoses of the disease ... but does not appear to affect prostate - cancer - related mortalityleadsto more diagnoses of the disease ... but does not appear to affect prostate - cancer - related mortality

in a relevant reduction in cancer mortality , greater than thatcan resultin a relevant reduction in cancer mortality , greater than that

in overdiagnosis and therefore overtreatment of prostate cancershas resultedin overdiagnosis and therefore overtreatment of prostate cancers

to an increase in diagnoses of the diseaseledto an increase in diagnoses of the disease

in a reduction in the mortality from prostate cancer of between 21 % and 44 %can resultin a reduction in the mortality from prostate cancer of between 21 % and 44 %

the disease at an earlier and more curable stagediscoversthe disease at an earlier and more curable stage

to the diagnosis of cancersleadsto the diagnosis of cancers

to early detection of the diseaseleadingto early detection of the disease

to a marked increase in the detection of earlier and smaller prostate cancersledto a marked increase in the detection of earlier and smaller prostate cancers

unnecessary anxietymight causeunnecessary anxiety

to diagnosis in some casesmay have ledto diagnosis in some cases

to high detection levelshas ledto high detection levels

to a reduction in mortalityleadsto a reduction in mortality

in the overdetection and thus overtreatment of indolent disease and the lack of clarity as to the definitive or best treatment for men diagnosed with localized prostate cancermay resultin the overdetection and thus overtreatment of indolent disease and the lack of clarity as to the definitive or best treatment for men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer

in patientswould ... resultin patients

to the diagnosis of a large proportion of localized and low - risk diseasehad ledto the diagnosis of a large proportion of localized and low - risk disease

to overdetection and overtreatment of some patientsleadsto overdetection and overtreatment of some patients

more harm than goodcould causemore harm than good

more harm than goodcausesmore harm than good

more harm than goodmay causemore harm than good

alsoresultsalso

to overtreatmentmay leadto overtreatment

to overdiagnosiscan leadto overdiagnosis

in overdiagnosishas resultedin overdiagnosis

overdiagnosis(passive) caused byoverdiagnosis

in 300 local men being testedresultedin 300 local men being tested

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Smart Reasoning:

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