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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

failure of the septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth(passive) caused bypatent foramen ovale

ASD is due to failure of the foramen primum or secundum to close normallyresultingin a patent foramen ovale

in 2277 patients ( 17 %(passive) was intraoperatively discoveredRESULTS Patent foramen ovale

during imaging tests for other conditions or to look for causes of a stroke(passive) is often discoveredA patent foramen ovale

during tests for other problems(passive) is often discoveredA patent foramen ovale

severe tricuspid regurgitation detected with color Doppler echocardiography(passive) caused bya patent foramen ovale

pulmonary artery obstruction due to knotted pulmonary artery catheter R. Tavan , B. Coronel , S. Duperret , P. Meeus , R. Blondet https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265021502210261(passive) caused bya patent foramen ovale

pulmonary hypertension associated with rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren 's syndrome(passive) caused bya patent foramen ovale

a 53 year old woman with dyspnea and mild pulmonary hypertensiondiscoveredto have a patent foramen ovale

A failure to close one such opening between the left and right atria ( the two upper chambers of the heartresultsin patent foramen ovale

B ) Failure of fusion of septum primum and septum secundumleadingto patent foramen ovale

However , for roughly 1 out of every 5 people , this hole does not seal itselfresultingin a Patent Foramen Ovale ( PFO

However in a proportion of the population ( perhaps 25 % ) this hole does not close up completelyresultingin a Patent Foramen Ovale ( PFO

of overlapping portions of septum primum and septum secundum , acting as a trap door that can flap open throughout the cardiac cycle(passive) is composedPatent foramen ovale ( PFO

Further evaluationdiscovereda patent foramen ovale ( PFO

cardiac tamponade(passive) caused bya patent foramen ovale

Amplatzer ™ PFODesignedfor patent foramen ovale ( PFO

FAToriginatingfrom the patent foramen ovale ( PFO

on postoperative transesophageal echocardiogram ( TEE(passive) was discoveredA patent foramen ovale ( PFO

excessive resorption of the septum primum ( short flap defect(passive) caused byPatent oval foramen

defective fusion of the septum primum coverage of the fossa ovalis area after birth(passive) caused bya patent foramen ovale ( PFO

ascending aortic compression(passive) caused bya patent foramen ovale

the axillary arteryresultingfrom a patent foramen ovale ( PFO

the leading competitorsinfluencingthe Patent Foramen Ovale ( PFO

with whose helpcould preventthe patent foramen ovale ( PFO

a dilated ascending aorta(passive) caused bythe patent foramen ovale

My personal research led meto discoverPatent Foramen Ovale ( PFO

the patent foramen ovale ( PFODid ... causethe Percutaneous patent foramen ovale ( PFO

Abnormal resorption of the septum primum during the development of the foramen secundumleadsto a patent foramen ovale

In approximately 25 % of adults , there is incomplete fusion of the limbus with the fossaresultingin a patent foramen ovale

septal probing in one sheep(passive) was discovered byA small patent foramen ovale

often(passive) is ... discoveredA patent foramen ovale

The fusion is generally complete by age two in about seventy- five ( 75 ) percent of the population , however , patency remains in the other twenty - five ( 25 ) percentresultingin a patent foramen ovale

Medicine for patent foramen ovaleHow to preventpatent foramen ovale Cause of patent foramen ovale

microbubble formation that can occur from repetitive divingmay resultfrom having a Patent Foramen Ovale ( PFO

POSTOPERATIVE paradoxical embolismresultingfrom patent foramen ovale ( PFO

right atrial pressure to be higher than left atrial pressurecreatinga patent foramen ovale ( PFO

changes in pulmonary vascular resistance(passive) to be influenced byA patent foramen ovale

Sanford Health News Doctorsdiscovereda patent foramen ovale

However , in some children the flap of tissue does not close , either in whole or in part , over the entire foramen ovalecreatinga patent foramen ovale

a right - to - left shunt that was thought(passive) to be caused bya right - to - left shunt that was thought

in severe hypoxemia due to a right to left shuntcan resultin severe hypoxemia due to a right to left shunt

an interatrial , mainly right - to - left shunt , which can predispose to paradoxical embolism , orthodeoxia - platypnea syndrome in susceptible patients , and decompression sickness in diverscan causean interatrial , mainly right - to - left shunt , which can predispose to paradoxical embolism , orthodeoxia - platypnea syndrome in susceptible patients , and decompression sickness in divers

ischemic strokecan causeischemic stroke

position - dependent shunting in a patient , when laying down her corsetcausingposition - dependent shunting in a patient , when laying down her corset

in the setting of a cryptogenic stroke ( CSdiscoveredin the setting of a cryptogenic stroke ( CS

in a right - to - left shunt.2 Abnormalities of left ventricular morphology and function , as well as other left - sided heart lesionsresultingin a right - to - left shunt.2 Abnormalities of left ventricular morphology and function , as well as other left - sided heart lesions

the patient ’s strokeDid ... causethe patient ’s stroke

to the risk for strokecontributesto the risk for stroke

usuallyresultsusually

from the incomplete closure of the holeresultsfrom the incomplete closure of the hole

85 % of strokes andcauses85 % of strokes and

in severe tricuspid regurgitation and right - heart dilation in a Red Angus calf 13resultingin severe tricuspid regurgitation and right - heart dilation in a Red Angus calf 13

to migraine headachesmay contributeto migraine headaches

because of increased intra - atrial pressure in the right atrium ( indicated by arrows).Review of the patient ’s medical records , from the referring hospitalwas createdbecause of increased intra - atrial pressure in the right atrium ( indicated by arrows).Review of the patient ’s medical records , from the referring hospital

to removal and re - implantationleadingto removal and re - implantation

to massive right - to - left shuntingleadingto massive right - to - left shunting

in severe tricuspid regurgitation and right - heart dilation in a Red Angus calf tachycardia , etcresultingin severe tricuspid regurgitation and right - heart dilation in a Red Angus calf tachycardia , etc

position - dependent shunting in a patient , when laying down et al 's corset -- Grutters et alcausingposition - dependent shunting in a patient , when laying down et al 's corset -- Grutters et al

the patient’s strokeDid ... causethe patient’s stroke

after a TIA – mini strokediscoveredafter a TIA – mini stroke

the risk of recurrent stroke(passive) are caused bythe risk of recurrent stroke

after accidental placement of the defibrillator probe in the left ventriclediscoveredafter accidental placement of the defibrillator probe in the left ventricle

to stroke or pulmonary embolism.[11leadingto stroke or pulmonary embolism.[11

while studying a stroke of unknown originare ... discoveredwhile studying a stroke of unknown origin

stroke or acute ischemia elsewherecausingstroke or acute ischemia elsewhere

breathlessness and platypnoea - orthodeoxia syndrome in an older patient ( 2018 ) Steroid - induced diabetes and hyperglycaemiacausingbreathlessness and platypnoea - orthodeoxia syndrome in an older patient ( 2018 ) Steroid - induced diabetes and hyperglycaemia

cerebellar infarction in a young boy p. 73causingcerebellar infarction in a young boy p. 73

paradoxical embolus in the aortacausingparadoxical embolus in the aorta

four passengers developed strokes(passive) caused byfour passengers developed strokes

the Claimant ’s subsequent stroke in October 2012could have preventedthe Claimant ’s subsequent stroke in October 2012

during Sharon 's hospitalization and apparently contributed to the strokewas discoveredduring Sharon 's hospitalization and apparently contributed to the stroke

Chris ’ stroke ... a trapdoor - like flap in his heart that can cause blood clots , which lead to strokes(passive) was caused byChris ’ stroke ... a trapdoor - like flap in his heart that can cause blood clots , which lead to strokes

About 50,000 of the ischemic strokes are believed(passive) to be caused byAbout 50,000 of the ischemic strokes are believed

systemic hypoxiacausingsystemic hypoxia

in acceptable hemodynamics and reduction in right - to - left shunting ( Figure 1(fresultingin acceptable hemodynamics and reduction in right - to - left shunting ( Figure 1(f

migraines in patientsmay causemigraines in patients

in cryptogenic stroke in individuals less than 55 years of age adults secondary to paradoxical embolism viacan resultin cryptogenic stroke in individuals less than 55 years of age adults secondary to paradoxical embolism via

paradoxical thromboembolism in a patient with a continuous - flow LVAD.Bartoli CR , McCants KC , Birks EJ , Flaherty MP , Slaughter MS.J Invasive Cardiolto preventparadoxical thromboembolism in a patient with a continuous - flow LVAD.Bartoli CR , McCants KC , Birks EJ , Flaherty MP , Slaughter MS.J Invasive Cardiol

severe hypoxemia due to right - to - left shunting in patients without pulmonary hypertensioncausingsevere hypoxemia due to right - to - left shunting in patients without pulmonary hypertension

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