other environmental services including maintaining soil fertility and soil carbon and contributing to water regulation and biodiversity conservation [ 12also contributesother environmental services including maintaining soil fertility and soil carbon and contributing to water regulation and biodiversity conservation [ 12

BiosphotoJPG - RM Cleared slopes of the Espelunguere(passive) caused byBiosphotoJPG - RM Cleared slopes of the Espelunguere

between 10 and 44 percent of the GDP of African countriescontributesbetween 10 and 44 percent of the GDP of African countries

Cleared slopes of the Espelunguere , caused by pastoralism , Aspe valley , Pyrenees , FranceCleared slopes of the Espelunguere ,(passive) caused byCleared slopes of the Espelunguere , caused by pastoralism , Aspe valley , Pyrenees , FranceCleared slopes of the Espelunguere ,

to the economy and ecology of arid and semi - arid areas , which cover more than 40 % of the world 's land masscontributes predominantlyto the economy and ecology of arid and semi - arid areas , which cover more than 40 % of the world 's land mass

significantly to the Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) of many nations ( CBD , 2010contributessignificantly to the Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) of many nations ( CBD , 2010

in adaptation by pastoralists of their social and herding systemsresultingin adaptation by pastoralists of their social and herding systems

to the outflow of pastoral dropoutscontributeto the outflow of pastoral dropouts

in a decline of pastoral lifestyle and its related TEKmay resultin a decline of pastoral lifestyle and its related TEK

a scenario where migratory pastoral groups could easily break or move awaycreateda scenario where migratory pastoral groups could easily break or move away

along with its partner , agrarianismcreatealong with its partner , agrarianism

to this unfortunate outcomehave ledto this unfortunate outcome

oftencan ... createoften

to global food securityto contributeto global food security

probablyoriginatedprobably

to the livelihoods of many millions of peoplecontributesto the livelihoods of many millions of people

a sizeable percentage to the agricultural gross domestic productcontributesa sizeable percentage to the agricultural gross domestic product

to wealthledto wealth

to important ecological processescan contributeto important ecological processes

to increase of human population and foodledto increase of human population and food

to national economies and export revenuescontributesto national economies and export revenues

false dualismscreatesfalse dualisms

migration of dutch - speaking pastoralistssparkedmigration of dutch - speaking pastoralists

in a suburban matrixnow setin a suburban matrix

greatlycontributesgreatly

the direction for the Rangelands Fibre and Produce GroupSettingthe direction for the Rangelands Fibre and Produce Group

overgrazingprovokesovergrazing

to the livelihoods of millions of people across Africacontributesto the livelihoods of millions of people across Africa

in particular forms of seed spreadingalso resultsin particular forms of seed spreading

highly valuable environmental servicescontributeshighly valuable environmental services

to advances in the material culture of the inhabitants of the Saharanaturally ledto advances in the material culture of the inhabitants of the Sahara

which is the a life depends on the large herds of grazing livestock ( arid regions mostlyalso discoveredwhich is the a life depends on the large herds of grazing livestock ( arid regions mostly

thuscontributesthus

to a reduction in food availabilityhas ledto a reduction in food availability

hugelycontributeshugely

to appropriate programme and policy design at local , national and regional levelsleadingto appropriate programme and policy design at local , national and regional levels

both to national and regional economiescontributesboth to national and regional economies

wares inspired by ceramics historically made by womencreateswares inspired by ceramics historically made by women

alsocan ... contributealso

ecological benefits like maintaining species diversity , maintaining ecosystem structures , and reducing impact of disasters such as fires , drought , and flooding through active management of vegetationcan contributeecological benefits like maintaining species diversity , maintaining ecosystem structures , and reducing impact of disasters such as fires , drought , and flooding through active management of vegetation