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local SHM(passive) caused byfrequent passenger mutations
UV light damage resulting in a DNA alteration called a cytidine ( C(passive) caused bypassenger mutations
the genetic instability(passive) created bypassenger mutations
an increased genomic instability(passive) caused bypassenger mutations
carcinogenic UV light exposure(passive) caused bypassenger mutations
impaired DNA repair mechanisms , inherited or de novo germline mutations and neutral polymorphisms , and artefacts that can arise from sequencing errors , PCR or misalignment ( Berger et al .(passive) caused bysomatic passenger mutations
carcinogenic ultraviolet ( UV ) light exposure(passive) caused bypassenger mutations
A transcriptional processcreatespassenger mutations
a mutagenic environment ( e.g. cigarette smoke(passive) are caused byPassenger mutations
in similar observed mutant frequencies for both [ 47would resultin similar observed mutant frequencies for both [ 47
mutational noise(passive) caused bymutational noise
the problems(passive) caused bythe problems
the vulnerabilities(passive) created bythe vulnerabilities
from relaxed DNA repair and replication fidelity ( 5resultingfrom relaxed DNA repair and replication fidelity ( 5
from the different genetic backgroundresultingfrom the different genetic background
from integration site biases of MuLVresultingfrom integration site biases of MuLV
to cancer initiation or progressionto directly contributeto cancer initiation or progression
from an unstable genome that are not critical to cancer progressionresultingfrom an unstable genome that are not critical to cancer progression
from various endogenous and exogenous causes , including normal DNA damage and repair processes or cancer - related aberrations of DNA maintenance machinery as well as mutations triggered by carcinogenic exposuresresultingfrom various endogenous and exogenous causes , including normal DNA damage and repair processes or cancer - related aberrations of DNA maintenance machinery as well as mutations triggered by carcinogenic exposures
no change in the relative ( active versus inactive ) populations , thus no downstream signaling shiftcauseno change in the relative ( active versus inactive ) populations , thus no downstream signaling shift
the therapeutic opportunities(passive) created bythe therapeutic opportunities
the development of cancer only in combinationto influencethe development of cancer only in combination
from tumorigenesisresultingfrom tumorigenesis