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a sorting process that made districts more homogeneous and the parties more ideological(passive) is caused byparty polarization
What specific developments in the emergence of the political partiesledto party polarization
Over the past decade the divide between Republicans and Democrats has continuously expandedcreatinguntenable party polarization
a top - two election systemwould preventparty polarization
the uninominal , two - round electoral systemcreatesmulti - party polarization
both intra- and inter - party competitionleadsto party polarization
Anxietymay be creatingparty polarization
the strategic position - taking of the party executive in addition to the centralization of the party organization(passive) can be caused byparty polarization
interest groupscauseparty polarization
the civil rights movementcausesparty polarization
The high participation rate of party activistsalso contributesto party polarization
A mix of digital speed , social media , fractured news , andhas ledparty polarization
Catholic voters to feel uncomfortable about both Republican and Democratic presidential candidates.[31][32might causeCatholic voters to feel uncomfortable about both Republican and Democratic presidential candidates.[31][32
in gridlock given how the US system of checks and balances14For example , see Frances E. Leewill resultin gridlock given how the US system of checks and balances14For example , see Frances E. Lee
in a noticeable uncertainty amongst Americans in the mediahas ... resultedin a noticeable uncertainty amongst Americans in the media
to decreasing levels of trust among centrist Americanshad ledto decreasing levels of trust among centrist Americans
in a noticeable lack of confidence among Americans in the mediahas ... resultedin a noticeable lack of confidence among Americans in the media
to a more polarized society in which compromise and pacts between the two extremes are difficultcan leadto a more polarized society in which compromise and pacts between the two extremes are difficult
disillusionment PARTY POLARIZATION CAUSING DISILLUSIONMENTIcausingdisillusionment PARTY POLARIZATION CAUSING DISILLUSIONMENTI
inter - partisan trust discrimination and how perceived polarization affects partisan identitiesinfluencesinter - partisan trust discrimination and how perceived polarization affects partisan identities
Catholic voters to feel uncomfortable about both Republican and Democratic pres 31 32might causeCatholic voters to feel uncomfortable about both Republican and Democratic pres 31 32
a situation where the temptation to use racial appeals tohas createda situation where the temptation to use racial appeals to
to Congress ... increasing focus on policy issues , not the constitutional underpinnings of those policiescontributesto Congress ... increasing focus on policy issues , not the constitutional underpinnings of those policies
to Congress 's increasing focus on policy issues though not to the constitutional underpinnings of those policiescontributesto Congress 's increasing focus on policy issues though not to the constitutional underpinnings of those policies
a lot of uncertainty as to where this whole effort to reform the tax code is goingcreatinga lot of uncertainty as to where this whole effort to reform the tax code is going
to policy gridlockleadsto policy gridlock
to gridlock and policy drift that tends to disadvantage those with less power and organization ( Hacker and Pierson 2010contributesto gridlock and policy drift that tends to disadvantage those with less power and organization ( Hacker and Pierson 2010
to political paralysiswould leadto political paralysis
the madness(passive) created bythe madness
to the emergence of ideologically charged political environmenthas ledto the emergence of ideologically charged political environment
to “ paralyzing gridlock ” in our systemleadsto “ paralyzing gridlock ” in our system
to more laws enacted where party leaders and key members after quietly reached across the aisle and explored the possibilities for agreementhas ledto more laws enacted where party leaders and key members after quietly reached across the aisle and explored the possibilities for agreement
action at the national levelpreventingaction at the national level
obstructionismcausesobstructionism