by the government(passive) designed byGerrymandering
The termoriginatedgerrymandering
the republicans(passive) was invented byGerrymandering
Republicansinventedgerrymandering
to favor specific candidatesdesignedto favor specific candidates
to create a safe Democratic seat -- rather than illegal racial gerrymanderingdesignedto create a safe Democratic seat -- rather than illegal racial gerrymandering
in Wisconsinoriginatingin Wisconsin
the harm(passive) caused bythe harm
the constitutional harms(passive) caused bythe constitutional harms
in the state Supreme Court throwing out the state 's 2011 congressional map and imposing its ownresultedin the state Supreme Court throwing out the state 's 2011 congressional map and imposing its own
to benefits for a particular political partyleadsto benefits for a particular political party
in Democratsresultedin Democrats
to most congressional districtshas ledto most congressional districts
to guarantee Congressional districts to one party or the otherdesignedto guarantee Congressional districts to one party or the other
to increased political polarizationhas ledto increased political polarization
political polarizationcausespolitical polarization
political polarizationcausespolitical polarization
political polarization in the United Statescausespolitical polarization in the United States
in political gridlockhas resultedin political gridlock
polarization in Congresscausespolarization in Congress
in congressional districts that are so partisan - leaning that minority factions of each party control the politics of the nation because of their strength in primary electionshas resultedin congressional districts that are so partisan - leaning that minority factions of each party control the politics of the nation because of their strength in primary elections
an increase in legislative polarizationcausesan increase in legislative polarization
some voters to think their votes are unimportant ... because even large changes in the votes a party receives can lead to no change in the number of seats that party winsleadssome voters to think their votes are unimportant ... because even large changes in the votes a party receives can lead to no change in the number of seats that party wins
to keep politicians in powerdesignedto keep politicians in power
to toxic polarization in the House of Representativeshas contributedto toxic polarization in the House of Representatives
to toxic polarization in the House of Representativeshad contributedto toxic polarization in the House of Representatives
many seats in New Mexico to be uncompetitivehas causedmany seats in New Mexico to be uncompetitive
the results of subsequent electionsinfluencesthe results of subsequent elections
to produce 10 Republican seatsdesignedto produce 10 Republican seats
to dysfunction in Washingtonis contributingto dysfunction in Washington
alsoleadsalso
alsocausesalso
alsohas ... contributedalso
to benefit Republicansdesignedto benefit Republicans
the harms(passive) caused bythe harms
the harms(passive) caused bythe harms
the harm(passive) caused bythe harm
the damage(passive) caused bythe damage
the damage(passive) caused bythe damage
oftenresultsoften
in a Democratic majority of voters and a Republican majority in the Houseresultsin a Democratic majority of voters and a Republican majority in the House
for examplehas resultedfor example
to seats that are drawn to guarantee as many comfortable districts as possible for the party in powerhas ledto seats that are drawn to guarantee as many comfortable districts as possible for the party in power