The strongest withdrawal reflexes(passive) are caused byThe strongest withdrawal reflexes

activation of nociceptors , peripheral receptors for paincauseactivation of nociceptors , peripheral receptors for pain

the sympathetic nervous system(passive) caused bythe sympathetic nervous system

in the activation of peripheral receptorsresultsin the activation of peripheral receptors

stress response(passive) caused bystress response

injurycausesinjury

the normal pain regionsparkthe normal pain region

LTP and lead to a long - lasting " pain memorycan triggerLTP and lead to a long - lasting " pain memory

synaptic and cellular changes in the spinal cord that are similar to the processes of memory buildingcan triggersynaptic and cellular changes in the spinal cord that are similar to the processes of memory building

a severe paincausea severe pain

for example by cold , heat , air or pressure reach the tooth nervecausedfor example by cold , heat , air or pressure reach the tooth nerve

disproportionate pain Weakness or poor coordination of movementcausingdisproportionate pain Weakness or poor coordination of movement

through pain - related fear in escape and protecting behaviours aimed at reducing pain - intensityresultthrough pain - related fear in escape and protecting behaviours aimed at reducing pain - intensity

from a patientresultsfrom a patient

to an activation of the pain matrix in the brainledto an activation of the pain matrix in the brain

translation of mRNAs(passive) can be triggered bytranslation of mRNAs

analgesic responsestriggeringanalgesic responses

the proper summation effect when you perform the proper sequence of strikes at the proper timing and at the proper anglescan createthe proper summation effect when you perform the proper sequence of strikes at the proper timing and at the proper angles

the nervous system to send " pain signals " to the braincausesthe nervous system to send " pain signals " to the brain

reflex spasm of local muscles , which presumable is the cause of muchcan causereflex spasm of local muscles , which presumable is the cause of much

the neurons firing(passive) caused bythe neurons firing

the pain mechanism in the brain , which is itself subject to modulation by other stimuli such as thoughts , visual perception , and so ontriggerthe pain mechanism in the brain , which is itself subject to modulation by other stimuli such as thoughts , visual perception , and so on

Matthews B. In - vitro observations on fluid flow through human dentine(passive) caused byMatthews B. In - vitro observations on fluid flow through human dentine

the temporal dynamics of attentioncan influencethe temporal dynamics of attention

the molecular events occurring in this cortical area(passive) triggered bythe molecular events occurring in this cortical area

anyone observing to consider the possibility of a seizure state and toshould leadanyone observing to consider the possibility of a seizure state and to

mild to moderate paincausemild to moderate pain

inadvertentlymight ... influenceinadvertently

in the relevant body systemsoriginatingin the relevant body systems

tissue damagecausetissue damage

humans pain are very close to the physical reactions of humans under the same stimulicausehumans pain are very close to the physical reactions of humans under the same stimuli

in removal of painleadingin removal of pain

the results of the above studycan ... influencethe results of the above study

pain in a mammal ... for examplewould ... causepain in a mammal ... for example

in the mediastinal and diaphragmatic pleuraoriginatingin the mediastinal and diaphragmatic pleura

to chronic paincan ... leadto chronic pain

it2causeit2

distress ... any adverse change in the animal 's metabolism ... any decrement in health or any interference in its reasonable comfort and well - beingcausedistress ... any adverse change in the animal 's metabolism ... any decrement in health or any interference in its reasonable comfort and well - being

pain in other animals and humanscausepain in other animals and humans