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Genetically - engineered mesenchymal stem cells transfected with human HCN1 geneto createcardiac pacemaker cells
Bernard T Drumm , Roddy J. Large , +5 authors Gerard P Sergeant KEY POINTS Tonic contractions of rabbit urethra ... that are thoughtto originatein pacemaker cells
The nervous system central cavityis composedof pacemaker cells
21 09:09 PM Gene TherapyCreatesHeart Pacemaker Cells
These rhythmsoriginatein pacemaker cells
the HCN channelcausingdepolarization of pacemaker cells
a rhythmresultingfrom the pacemaker cells
electric signalcreatedin pacemaker cells
digestive haemorrhage(passive) caused bypacemaker cells
depolarzing currents from adjacent cells(passive) triggered bynon pacemaker cells
the heartbeatis createdfrom the pacemaker cells
a reprogramming technologycan createinduced pacemaker cells
also(passive) have ... been createdPacemaker cells
other waysto preventpacemaker cells from dying
Ectopic beatsoriginatein pacemaker cells
this surprisingly simple fix(passive) created bypacemaker cells
Now , it is understoodoriginatefrom pacemaker cells
Sick sinus syndrome ” ( SSS ... the sinus nodeis composedof cardiac pacemaker cells
the electrical impulse that causes the heart to beatcreatethe electrical impulse that causes the heart to beat
by themselves the action potentials that begin the muscle contractiontriggerby themselves the action potentials that begin the muscle contraction
the pace or rate of heartbeat 2setthe pace or rate of heartbeat 2
in heart muscle cells that could beat on their ownresultedin heart muscle cells that could beat on their own
the heart to contract , which happens in five stagescausethe heart to contract , which happens in five stages
the pace for the beat of the heartsetthe pace for the beat of the heart
the pace ( or rate ) of theheartbeatsetthe pace ( or rate ) of theheartbeat
a group of cells , called a functional syncytium , to auto - excite and create an action potentialcausea group of cells , called a functional syncytium , to auto - excite and create an action potential
these rhythmical impulsecreatethese rhythmical impulse
the pace ( or rate ) of the The actual structure that serves assetthe pace ( or rate ) of the The actual structure that serves as
The basic heart rate(passive) is set byThe basic heart rate
rate and timing of contractionsetrate and timing of contraction
action potentials at a frequency that results in a normal heart rate of 70 - 80 beats / minutecreateaction potentials at a frequency that results in a normal heart rate of 70 - 80 beats / minute
the timing for intestinal contractionssetthe timing for intestinal contractions
pacemaker cells 's beatsetpacemaker cells 's beat
the rest of our hearts to beat properlytriggerthe rest of our hearts to beat properly
the rest of your heart to beat properlytriggerthe rest of your heart to beat properly
an increase in resting heart ratecausean increase in resting heart rate
increase in heart rate ( β1causingincrease in heart rate ( β1
in a decrease in intrinsic heart rateresultingin a decrease in intrinsic heart rate
seg- mental musculature contractionscausingseg- mental musculature contractions
in irregularity or by abnormal generation of action potentials by sites other than the sinoatrial node , i.e. , ectopic fociresultingin irregularity or by abnormal generation of action potentials by sites other than the sinoatrial node , i.e. , ectopic foci
rhythmic pulses that control heart ratecreaterhythmic pulses that control heart rate
in a reduced rate of pacemaker firing ( RPFresultingin a reduced rate of pacemaker firing ( RPF
the vital rhythmic impulses which control the beat of the human heartcreatethe vital rhythmic impulses which control the beat of the human heart
rhythm of heartbeat and act more like neurons than muscle cellssetsrhythm of heartbeat and act more like neurons than muscle cells
regular heart rate cardiac muscle called striated involuntary muscle bcsetregular heart rate cardiac muscle called striated involuntary muscle bc
a faster rate of depolarization ... probably due to the fact that potassium channels are closed and the cells reach their threshold quickercausesa faster rate of depolarization ... probably due to the fact that potassium channels are closed and the cells reach their threshold quicker
AP , Cardiac contractile APcreateAP , Cardiac contractile AP
from normally quiescent non - pacemaking cellscreatedfrom normally quiescent non - pacemaking cells
the SA node and atriacomposingthe SA node and atria
an electrical differential between the inside and outside of each cellcreatean electrical differential between the inside and outside of each cell
An measures capabilities(passive) caused byAn measures capabilities
the adjacent cardiac muscle cells to reach threshold voltagecausethe adjacent cardiac muscle cells to reach threshold voltage
for sustaining viability at the cost of reduced ATP generation ( Figs . 1 and 2 ) , which is complemented by their low metabolic demandare designedfor sustaining viability at the cost of reduced ATP generation ( Figs . 1 and 2 ) , which is complemented by their low metabolic demand
membrane depolarization or [ Ca2+]cyt increases in response to hypoxiato triggermembrane depolarization or [ Ca2+]cyt increases in response to hypoxia
the rhythmic contraction of muscle that is a person ’s heartbeatcreatethe rhythmic contraction of muscle that is a person ’s heartbeat
electrical signals by the movement of electrolytes ( sodium , potassium , and calcium ions ) into and out of the cellscreateelectrical signals by the movement of electrolytes ( sodium , potassium , and calcium ions ) into and out of the cells
these rhythmical impulses of the heart Plaque : an abnormal inflammatory accumulation of macrophage white blood cells within the walls of arteries Pulmonary Valvecreatethese rhythmical impulses of the heart Plaque : an abnormal inflammatory accumulation of macrophage white blood cells within the walls of arteries Pulmonary Valve
in patches of cells that spontaneously start beatingresultsin patches of cells that spontaneously start beating