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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

increasescausesmembrane fouling problem

SDI ( pollution index ) increasescausesmembrane fouling problem

Accumulation of this substances over timecan leadto great membrane fouling

the surfactant adsorption(passive) caused bysevere membrane fouling

mainly(passive) was ... composedMembrane fouling resistance

by the deposition of particulate(passive) caused bymembrane fouling ... and/or

factors other than physical size of oil dropletcould ... influenceFO membrane fouling

particles and colloidal material which are present in the feed water and are concentrated at the membrane surface(passive) is caused by Membrane fouling

particles and colloidal material which are present in the feed water and are concentrated at the membrane surface(passive) is caused byMembrane fouling

partial removal ... some studiescauseRO membrane fouling

organic and colloidal substancescan causeaggravate membrane fouling

deposits of inorganic or organic substances on the membrane surface and/or blockage of the feed channels formed in the membrane elements(passive) is caused byMembrane fouling

by the accumulation and deposition of particles on the membrane surface(passive) caused bymembrane fouling

accumulation of particles , chemicals and biological growth on membrane surfaces(passive) is usually caused byMembrane fouling

by the adsorption , deposition and growth of microorganisms on the surface of the RO membrane(passive) caused bythe membrane fouling

the accumulation and deposition of activated sludge substances on the surface and in the pores of the membrane(passive) is caused byMembrane fouling

by increased solute concentration at the membrane surface(passive) caused bymembrane fouling

increased solute concentration at the membrane surface(passive) caused bymembrane fouling

by increased solute concentration at the membrane surface(passive) caused byto membrane fouling

deposition of contaminants on membrane surface(passive) caused bymembrane fouling

by the membrane type and amount of organic particles in treated water(passive) was ... influenced bymembrane fouling

by the accumulation of certain constituents ( e.g. oil and solid particulates ... on the surface of the membrane or in the membrane matrix(passive) is caused byMembrane fouling

Factors such as pH , salt concentration and membrane structurewill causemembrane fouling

a whole host of organic and colloidal substancescan causeaggravate membrane fouling

particles and colloidal material which are present in the feed water(passive) is caused byMembrane fouling

deposition of foulant materials on membrane surface and/or adsorption of them(passive) is caused byMembrane fouling

by different (passive) caused byultrafiltration membrane fouling

deposition of foulant materials on membrane surface and/or(passive) is caused byMembrane fouling

by extracellular organic(passive) caused byUltrafiltration membrane fouling

particles and colloidal materials which are present in the feed water(passive) is caused byMembrane fouling

deposits and accumulation of micro - organisms , colloids , solutes and cell debris on the membrane surface(passive) is mainly caused byMembrane fouling

the membrane pressure increasedresultingin membrane fouling

the membrane surfacecausingmembrane fouling

by foulants , such as NOM , that accumulate on the membrane surface and in the membrane pores(passive) is caused bymembrane fouling

the interactions between the solutes and the membrane surfaceleadto membrane fouling

The attachment of biomass on the membrane surfacewill resultin membrane fouling

the presence of solids in the acid feed solution(passive) is most frequently caused byMembrane fouling

The concentration of iron ions is highcontributesto membrane fouling

the build - up of natural water species ( foulants ... the membranescausesmembrane fouling

the filtration process ... complex factorscausethe membrane fouling

the filtration characteristics of both membranesinfluencesthe filtration characteristics of both membranes

to membrane replacementultimately leadsto membrane replacement

in the blocking of the membraneresultsin the blocking of the membrane

in flux declineresultsin flux decline

from interaction of emulsion constituents with membrane materialsresultingfrom interaction of emulsion constituents with membrane materials

in the following benefits 1will resultin the following benefits 1

high cost energy , operation , and maintenancecauseshigh cost energy , operation , and maintenance

Many battery fires(passive) are caused byMany battery fires

in reduced water production and increased operational costsresultingin reduced water production and increased operational costs

eventuallywill ... leadeventually

nephrotic syndromecan causenephrotic syndrome

to the reduction of membrane fluxwill ... leadto the reduction of membrane flux

from microbes in natural and wastewateroriginatefrom microbes in natural and wastewater

to higher operating pressure , flux decline , frequent chemical cleaning and shorter membrane lifeleadsto higher operating pressure , flux decline , frequent chemical cleaning and shorter membrane life

the membrane flux decline(passive) caused bythe membrane flux decline

from the formation of deposits on the membrane surfaceresultsfrom the formation of deposits on the membrane surface

to an increase of hydraulic resistance and a reduction in filtration efficiencyleadsto an increase of hydraulic resistance and a reduction in filtration efficiency

in low processing efficiency , high operating costs , and increased cleaning frequency ( Guo et al .resultingin low processing efficiency , high operating costs , and increased cleaning frequency ( Guo et al .

due to the deposition of the salt / crystal on the membrane surfacewas causeddue to the deposition of the salt / crystal on the membrane surface

in reduced permeate flowresultsin reduced permeate flow

severe flux declinecan causesevere flux decline

flux decline over timecausesflux decline over time

reduction in fluxcausesreduction in flux

The FO water flux(passive) is influenced byThe FO water flux

performance decline in long - term operationcan causeperformance decline in long - term operation

to decrease in permeate flowleadsto decrease in permeate flow

to the decline in permeate fluxleadsto the decline in permeate flux

a permeate flux declinecausesa permeate flux decline

permeate flux reduction , lower rejection , or higher operating pressurecausespermeate flux reduction , lower rejection , or higher operating pressure

frequent cleaning which might reduce the membrane lifespan and result in higher replacement costscausefrequent cleaning which might reduce the membrane lifespan and result in higher replacement costs

in higher feed pressurecan resultin higher feed pressure

to high energy consumption and poor separation efficiencyleadsto high energy consumption and poor separation efficiency

The flux(passive) caused byThe flux

to the release of hydrolases in the cytoplasmleadingto the release of hydrolases in the cytoplasm

the resistance(passive) caused bythe resistance

severecan causesevere

to costly replacements of the RO membranesmight ... leadto costly replacements of the RO membranes

in a lower throughput of permeatemay resultin a lower throughput of permeate

the process of inflammationinfluencesthe process of inflammation

decreased rejection(passive) caused bydecreased rejection

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Smart Reasoning:

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