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fast transients in power systems and devicesresultingfrom lightning strokes
electric surgesresultingfrom lightning strokes
high voltage surgesresultingfrom lightning strokes
The characteristics of lightning surges on overhead transmission linesresultfrom lightning strokes
A Comparison of Channel - Base Currents and Optical Signals for RocketTriggeredLightning Strokes
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018771 [ 2 ] D. Wang , V. A. Rakov , M. A. Uman , N. Takagi , T. Watanabe , D. Crawford , K. J. Rambo , G. H. Schnetzer , R. J. Fisher and Z. I. Kawasaki , “ Attachment Process in RocketTriggeredLightning Strokes
Direct Lightning Strokes/ Overvoltages Caused by Indirect Lightning Strokes/ Switching Surges/(passive) Caused byLightning Strokes/ Overvoltages
The filtering effectcan preventlightning stroke
Protect oval - voltage and over - currentpreventinglightning stroke
lightning strokesSurgesresultingfrom lightning strokes
DakotaMedicinalBurned during electrical stormsto preventlightning stroke
Generally arrester currentsresultingfrom lightning strokes
another manner of prayingto preventlightning stroke
Evaluation of v – t characteristics caused by lightning strokes at different locations along transmission linescauseslightning stroke
1967Triggeredlightning strokes
an electrical imbalance between clouds or between clouds and the earth(passive) are caused byLightning strokes
the attraction of the leadersleadto lightning strokes
electrical charges between positive and negative charges between tephra(passive) caused bylightning strokes
the voltage waveresultingfroma lightning stroke
10,000 Cresultingfrom lightning strokes
high surge currentsresultingfrom lightning strokes
lightning over - voltage(passive) caused bylightning stroke
the accumulation of chargeresultsin lightning strokes
the Great White Spot ’s high - frequency radio emissionscreatedin lightning strokes
typical pulsesresultingfrom lightning strokes
for example overvoltage surges(passive) caused byfor example overvoltage surges
the fire(passive) caused bythe fire
severe damagemay causesevere damage
outages or damage to transmission lineshave causedoutages or damage to transmission lines
fatality structural damagecan causefatality structural damage
destructioncan causedestruction
fault occurscausingfault occurs
very high overvoltagescan causevery high overvoltages
The indirect overvoltages(passive) caused byThe indirect overvoltages
accidents of transmission lines and towers(passive) caused byaccidents of transmission lines and towers
potential damages(passive) caused bypotential damages
in the „ storm cells “ , which stretch average out up to few kilometersoriginatein the „ storm cells “ , which stretch average out up to few kilometers
in high voltage differences between both the active parts as between active parts and grounding systems , which can result in damage of equipmenthowever can resultin high voltage differences between both the active parts as between active parts and grounding systems , which can result in damage of equipment
fault Table 4causingfault Table 4
indirect material damage ... interruptions of power supply , interruptions of telecommunication traffic , disrupt of air and rail trafficcauseindirect material damage ... interruptions of power supply , interruptions of telecommunication traffic , disrupt of air and rail traffic
significant material damage to almost all major technical systems ( electrical power , telecommunication , railway , oil and gas refiningcausesignificant material damage to almost all major technical systems ( electrical power , telecommunication , railway , oil and gas refining
direct material damages(passive) caused bydirect material damages
The damages to the wind turbine blades(passive) caused byThe damages to the wind turbine blades
a 110 kV circuit breaker fault(passive) caused bya 110 kV circuit breaker fault
large forest fires and fires in residential and industrial buildingsoften causelarge forest fires and fires in residential and industrial buildings
Unusual injuries(passive) caused byUnusual injuries
termHazards / losses(passive) caused bytermHazards / losses
352 Shock(passive) caused by352 Shock
prolonged thundercauseprolonged thunder
other lightning strokes ... via these immense radio energy impulsescan triggerother lightning strokes ... via these immense radio energy impulses
CrossRef ] Wang , D.J. ; Zhou , H. ; Chen , J.M. ; Lao , J. ; Zhu , T. ; Bao , J. ; Zhang , L. ; Wang , J. Design of Multi - Surge Impedance Model for Ultra - High Transmission Tower and Analysis on Its Transient Characteristic(passive) Caused byCrossRef ] Wang , D.J. ; Zhou , H. ; Chen , J.M. ; Lao , J. ; Zhu , T. ; Bao , J. ; Zhang , L. ; Wang , J. Design of Multi - Surge Impedance Model for Ultra - High Transmission Tower and Analysis on Its Transient Characteristic
the alarm panel not workingcausedthe alarm panel not working
the atmosphere(passive) created bythe atmosphere
open circuit - breakers(passive) caused byopen circuit - breakers
Sferics(passive) are caused bySferics
false detectionscausefalse detections
The most dramatic transients(passive) are caused byThe most dramatic transients
short - circuitcausingshort - circuit
82.51 % of faults(passive) were caused by82.51 % of faults
ball lightningcreatingball lightning
the horizontally and vertically polarized radio - frequency signals(passive) created bythe horizontally and vertically polarized radio - frequency signals
the Audible Warning Tonewill triggerthe Audible Warning Tone
in storms near and faroriginatingin storms near and far
all probability(passive) caused byall probability
Lines faults(passive) may be triggered byLines faults