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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

private equity firms , not public companies(passive) led byleveraged buyouts

companies such as Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Company(passive) led byleveraged buyouts

PE firms during the easy money bubble of 2005 to 2007(passive) led byleveraged buyouts

a sale to a third party or a managementledleveraged buyout

Prospect Partners - Focused on managementledleveraged buyouts

Exclusive Sales Management and financial sponsorledleveraged buyouts

our own paid - in - capital and shareholder ’s equity in the 2006 managementledleveraged buyout

Cerberus Capital Management LP ’s $ 5.43-billion purchase of(passive) led byleveraged buyouts

Investors want in as buyout firms look out Do n’t confuse a lack of deals with inactivity(passive) are setLeveraged buyouts

Mr. Kinstlinger in 1988(passive) led byleveraged buyout

KKR and Merrill Lynch Capital Partners(passive) led byleveraged buyouts

Warren Buffett 's Berkshire Hathaway(passive) led byleveraged buyout

whether due to over - expansion or a private equityledleveraged buyout

Wendel , who believed that there was a market for snowmobiles and that seasonal snowfalls would rise again(passive) led byleveraged buyout

private equity sponsors , acquisitions by strategic investors , expansion capital sought by enterprises , or restructurings of a shareholder group(passive) led byleveraged buyouts

non - public fairness corporations(passive) led byleveraged buyouts

some law was passedto preventleveraged buyouts

to slow bleed for this reason(passive) are designedLeveraged buyouts

the New York - based buyout firm of Kohlberg Kravis Roberts &(passive) led byleveraged buyouts

in order to facilitate transition to employee ownership(passive) were originally inventedLeveraged buyouts

cheap credit with inflated valuations(passive) created byleveraged buyouts

The vast majority of managers in this space finance private equityledleveraged buyouts

Goldman Sachs Capital Partners and(passive) led byleveraged buyouts

Abilityto createleveraged buyout

changesto preventleveraged buyouts

Carlyleis leadingleveraged buyouts

Europediscoveredleveraged buyouts

a special type of company that typically uses high - yield bonds to buy a public corporation from its shareholders , often for the benefit of a private investment group that may include senior managerscreatea special type of company that typically uses high - yield bonds to buy a public corporation from its shareholders , often for the benefit of a private investment group that may include senior managers

in the early 1960 'soriginatedin the early 1960 's

Insurmountable debt(passive) caused byInsurmountable debt

in layoffs and closingsresultedin layoffs and closings

the shift toward debt financing(passive) been prompted bythe shift toward debt financing

to more defaults than companies that issued debt on their ownledto more defaults than companies that issued debt on their own

the additional burden of saddling companies with debtcreatethe additional burden of saddling companies with debt

in changing priorities from expansion to debt paybacksresultin changing priorities from expansion to debt paybacks

because they normally involve a heavy debt burdenresultbecause they normally involve a heavy debt burden

the opportunity for masses of debt to be offset against taxable incomecreatethe opportunity for masses of debt to be offset against taxable income

If Tata Steel wipes some of its debts with equity dilution.burden(passive) caused byIf Tata Steel wipes some of its debts with equity dilution.burden

nothing but pain in the middle - class neighborhoods of Americahave causednothing but pain in the middle - class neighborhoods of America

to layoffs , reduced medical benefits , and evaporating pensionsledto layoffs , reduced medical benefits , and evaporating pensions

a special type of company that typically uses high - yield bonds to buy a public corporation from a public corporation 's shareholders , often for the benefit of a private investment group that may include senior managerscreatea special type of company that typically uses high - yield bonds to buy a public corporation from a public corporation 's shareholders , often for the benefit of a private investment group that may include senior managers

to the demise of the public company in favor of privately owned companies after a decade of the market for corporate controlwould leadto the demise of the public company in favor of privately owned companies after a decade of the market for corporate control

misaligned incentives to increase corporate debt to excessive levels while allowing financial insiders to make enormous profitscreatemisaligned incentives to increase corporate debt to excessive levels while allowing financial insiders to make enormous profits

in loading up a company with borrowed money , taking a tax deduction for the interest on the debt , laying off many employees , cutting wages and benefits , running the company into the ground , declaring bankruptcy and raiding the pension fund.http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/squite often resultin loading up a company with borrowed money , taking a tax deduction for the interest on the debt , laying off many employees , cutting wages and benefits , running the company into the ground , declaring bankruptcy and raiding the pension fund.http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/s

sales of high - risk , high - yield debt to rise 70 percent to a record $ 1 trillion during the first half of the yearcausedsales of high - risk , high - yield debt to rise 70 percent to a record $ 1 trillion during the first half of the year

high yield debt that is placed primarily with mutual funds and Collateralized Loan Obligations ( CLOs ) and less frequently with proprietary investors such as banks or insurance companiescreatehigh yield debt that is placed primarily with mutual funds and Collateralized Loan Obligations ( CLOs ) and less frequently with proprietary investors such as banks or insurance companies

tax shields that , under the United States tax code , allow companies to deduct interest paid on debt as an expense , unlike dividends paid to ... Practical guidance at Lexis Practice Advisor ® 2 as contractual rights that are governed by the express provisions of an issuing company ’s governing documents , issuing companies and investors have considerable flexibility to craft and tailor the specific terms of any given class or series of preferred stock to meet their respective needscreatetax shields that , under the United States tax code , allow companies to deduct interest paid on debt as an expense , unlike dividends paid to ... Practical guidance at Lexis Practice Advisor ® 2 as contractual rights that are governed by the express provisions of an issuing company ’s governing documents , issuing companies and investors have considerable flexibility to craft and tailor the specific terms of any given class or series of preferred stock to meet their respective needs

a bit of commotion within the tech industryis causinga bit of commotion within the tech industry

edge and occasionally arguable transactionsare leadingedge and occasionally arguable transactions

in recent yearshave ledin recent years

edge and occasionally debatable transactionsare leadingedge and occasionally debatable transactions

an investor group that bought the Jack Eckerd Corporation for $ 1.7 billion and is leading another seeking to buy the Fruehauf Corporation for $ 1.8 billionledan investor group that bought the Jack Eckerd Corporation for $ 1.7 billion and is leading another seeking to buy the Fruehauf Corporation for $ 1.8 billion

to the ruthless business practice known as a “ hostile takeoveroften leadto the ruthless business practice known as a “ hostile takeover

mergers and takeovers of essential and productive enterprisesresultmergers and takeovers of essential and productive enterprises

to a turnaround , roll - up , or some other significant change that adds value to the current business •will leadto a turnaround , roll - up , or some other significant change that adds value to the current business •

in This articlesetin This article

in motion before the downturnsetin motion before the downturn

to resurgence in M&A activity among private equity groupsshould leadto resurgence in M&A activity among private equity groups

to enhance the returns attainable by equity investorsare designedto enhance the returns attainable by equity investors

to system risk andcan ... contributeto system risk and

risks(passive) created byrisks

absurdly high prices(passive) caused byabsurdly high prices

in restructuring or bankruptcyresultedin restructuring or bankruptcy

the tons of bridge loans now choking the systemcreatedthe tons of bridge loans now choking the system

the sudden losses(passive) caused bythe sudden losses

in financial manipulators making millions while workers lose jobs or take pay and benefit cutsresultin financial manipulators making millions while workers lose jobs or take pay and benefit cuts

the documented wealth gains(passive) created bythe documented wealth gains

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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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