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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

the conditiondid ... causeoverall public expenditure increase

the factorsinfluencepublic expenditure growth

This reviewledto increased public expenditure

their situations are likely to deteriorateleadingto increased public expenditure

a big bureaucracywould leadto increased public expenditure

duties and creation of a big bureaucracywould leadto increased public expenditure

this reorganizationmay causeincreased public expenditure

sickness(passive) caused bythe increased public expenditure

the 2002 and 2004 Cross Cutting Reviews , which set out measures to give the Third Sector a stronger role in public service deliveryleadingto increased public expenditure

expenditure e.g. Policies of tax reductionmust leadto reduced public expenditure

Subsidieshave contributedto the rise in public expenditures

Subsidiescontributedto the rise in public expenditures

the IMF crisiscausedcuts in public expenditure

taxesleadingto increasing public expenditure

in the short termcan contributeto increasing public expenditure

Taxationhas ledto increasing public expenditure

Any changes you will seewould causeincrease in expenses

the factorsresultin increases in public expenditures

by demographic factors(passive) caused byincreasing public expenditures

by demographic factors.[6(passive) caused byincreasing public expenditures

by population aging(passive) caused byRising public expenditure

by demographic(passive) caused byincreasing public expenditures

by aging population(passive) caused byRising public expenditure

Either waycan causeincrease in the expenses

designedto provokeincrease spending

the tax increasecausedincrease in spending

by the pandemic(passive) caused byincreased spending

increase in petrol , diesel , and aviation fuel pricescausingincrease in spending

May , 2001 is prior to 911causedincrease in spending

aviation fuel pricescausingincrease in spending

911causedincrease in spending

Increase in income , & up gradation Of lifestylehas ledincrease of spending

the influencers most followed by your other customers , who are ableto influenceincreased spending

items to getcontributingincreased expenditure

such a systemwould resultin a massive increase in public expenditure

items to obtaincontributingincreased expenditure

bonus products to acquirecontributingincreased expenditure

the recent increases in petrol prices(passive) caused byincreased expenditures

The first onecausesincrease in the expenditure

The five priorities set out in the Programme for Government ... should continueto directly influencepublic expenditure

to the Deficit Crisis that we now facehas ledto the Deficit Crisis that we now face

to decrease in quality of spending and economic efficiencywill leadto decrease in quality of spending and economic efficiency

only a little rise in interest rate which due to the steep investment demand curve will result in a very small decrease in private investmentwill causeonly a little rise in interest rate which due to the steep investment demand curve will result in a very small decrease in private investment

to increase in economic growthdoes ... leadto increase in economic growth

to increase in economic growthleadsto increase in economic growth

to higher economic growthleadsto higher economic growth

to appreciation of the exchange rate with no effect on outputleadsto appreciation of the exchange rate with no effect on output

to the shift inleadsto the shift in

to appreciation of the exchange rateleadsto appreciation of the exchange rate

in the increase in money supply in the economy which can result into inflationalso resultsin the increase in money supply in the economy which can result into inflation

to more debt ... morewould leadto more debt ... more

to more debtwould leadto more debt

to a cut in borrowing , i.e. an improvement in the public financesleadsto a cut in borrowing , i.e. an improvement in the public finances

expansion(passive) led byexpansion

to more debt , which would have to be met with higher taxeswould leadto more debt , which would have to be met with higher taxes

in our estimatewill leadin our estimate

to lower economic growthwill leadto lower economic growth

to a sharp decline in More will leadto a sharp decline in More

to a constant upward pressure on the fiscal balanceleadsto a constant upward pressure on the fiscal balance

to higher tax and social security contributions as well ashas ... ledto higher tax and social security contributions as well as

from the increasing oil revenuesresultedfrom the increasing oil revenues

to a sense that public programs are in crisis Congressional budget officedramatically contributingto a sense that public programs are in crisis Congressional budget office

the collapse of the State or its paralysiscan causethe collapse of the State or its paralysis

into a heavy debt burden on the taxpayerhas resultedinto a heavy debt burden on the taxpayer

to large or persistent inflationwould leadto large or persistent inflation

to the postponement or cancellation of a large number of public contracts andhave ledto the postponement or cancellation of a large number of public contracts and

to the postponement or cancellation of a large number of public contractshave ledto the postponement or cancellation of a large number of public contracts

to greater business investmentleadto greater business investment

the curve to shift to the right and a decrease in spendingwill causethe curve to shift to the right and a decrease in spending

financial instabilitymay causefinancial instability

inflationwill causeinflation

the curve to shift to the right andwill causethe curve to shift to the right and

to a higher debt than previously predictedwill contributeto a higher debt than previously predicted

to higher employmentleadsto higher employment

to the growthwill contributeto the growth

to anxietyleadingto anxiety

more inflationwould ... causemore inflation

a reduction in private spending ... economists call this crowding out ) even when the economy is in the midst of a depressioncan causea reduction in private spending ... economists call this crowding out ) even when the economy is in the midst of a depression

to a rise in inflation that is forecast to reach 23 % in 2008has ledto a rise in inflation that is forecast to reach 23 % in 2008

to recoverycontributingto recovery

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