As a matter of fact , unrealistically high import tariffs , intended at protectionism of domestic industry , promote poorer local productsleadingto import - substitution
the Government of the Russian Federation(passive) set byimport substitution
to supply raw material to national industry ,thus contributingto import substitution
the ruble 's tumble(passive) was sparked byImport substitution
the ruble 's crash(passive) was sparked byImport substitution
The usual motivation for tariffs on end products isto triggerimport substitution
Verify Engineering ’s liquid fuel project ... the value addition and beneficiation of the ZIM ASSET clusterwill leadto import substitution
trade restrictions and a weaker RUB(passive) prompted byImport substitution
The weak ruble will keep out importsleading inevitablyto import substitution
The industry in Pune is not just making money ; it has made people , it has furthered education and supported educational institutions , it has supported technologyhas createdimport substitution
Dawn Industries , Smart Foods , Hamko , Choice Cuts Ltd , Samalina Beverages , Jordan Foods , House of Russa , Nutreal Ltd , and Food and Nutrition Solutions Ltd. Products such as bottled pineapple juice cocktails , soya bean products , sausages , smoked meat , Omulondo liquor , canned Katunkuma , lemon grass flavored tea , nutrient dense cookies , amarathus products , canned maize and beans and health bars are in leading retail outlets in the countrycontributingto import substitution
Purchasingcan contributeto import substitution
developing various types of resistors which were earlier importedresultingin import substitution
an indirect effect through its impact on cost of domestic to foreign goodsmight leadto import substitution
expectedto resultfrom import substitution
commoditiesleadingto import substitution
transnational corporations and large local companiesleadingto import substitution
a technical infrastructureleadsto import substitution
It grew faster than imports ,leadingto import substitution
the foreign currency needs of manufacturerscan contributeto import substitution
Changed exchange rateledto import substitution
Furthermore more jobs(passive) will be createdFurthermore more jobs
US jobs(passive) can be created byUS jobs
a large number of jobs in Pakistancan createa large number of jobs in Pakistan
jobs and saves on foreign currency requirementscreatesjobs and saves on foreign currency requirements
to transform Argentina into a country self - sufficient in industry as well as agriculturedesignedto transform Argentina into a country self - sufficient in industry as well as agriculture
to ‘ ‘ shallow industrialisationledto ‘ ‘ shallow industrialisation
in annual foreign exchange savings of over $ 1 billion [ 6resultingin annual foreign exchange savings of over $ 1 billion [ 6
jobs for workers , a market for small businesses , and skills for employees ( Amsden , 2007to createjobs for workers , a market for small businesses , and skills for employees ( Amsden , 2007
to the industrialisation of the sectors involvedshould ... leadto the industrialisation of the sectors involved
to industrial development through learning by doing while export - led growth advocates argue that trade contributes to the transfer of knowledge and technologycontributeto industrial development through learning by doing while export - led growth advocates argue that trade contributes to the transfer of knowledge and technology
to the development of agriculturecontributesto the development of agriculture
from a focus on domestic productionresultingfrom a focus on domestic production
to an improvement in domestic demand ... while exports also roseledto an improvement in domestic demand ... while exports also rose
the capacity to export , including learning and scalecreatedthe capacity to export , including learning and scale
to a situation of less competition , absence of choice and inefficient production of goods and services which will not be a successful political choice for governmentswill leadto a situation of less competition , absence of choice and inefficient production of goods and services which will not be a successful political choice for governments
to diversification of domestic production and consequent reduction in imports for certain critical areas like machinery manufacture , crude oil and petroleum products , infrastructural development , etchas ledto diversification of domestic production and consequent reduction in imports for certain critical areas like machinery manufacture , crude oil and petroleum products , infrastructural development , etc
to export dominanceleadingto export dominance
whilst reducing the amount of basic manufactured goods importedledwhilst reducing the amount of basic manufactured goods imported
to inefficient industriescan leadto inefficient industries
a self - sufficient economy and decreases " leakages " that occur when paying for imported goodscreatea self - sufficient economy and decreases " leakages " that occur when paying for imported goods
to only a temporary reduction of purchases abroadledto only a temporary reduction of purchases abroad
the existing level of injections from exports to have a larger multiplier effect on the local community by stemming income leakagecausesthe existing level of injections from exports to have a larger multiplier effect on the local community by stemming income leakage
to increased exports and export promotionledto increased exports and export promotion
to savings on foreign exchange , which can contribute positively to a country ’s balance of payments positionleadingto savings on foreign exchange , which can contribute positively to a country ’s balance of payments position
to growth and developmentleadingto growth and development
in short - term improvements of technological capabilitiesmay resultin short - term improvements of technological capabilities
in an improved trade balance and reduced vulnerability to external shocks such as price fluctuationswould resultin an improved trade balance and reduced vulnerability to external shocks such as price fluctuations
to cost reduction Technical clarification to internal customersleadingto cost reduction Technical clarification to internal customers
to benefit Chinese producersdesignedto benefit Chinese producers
a positive condition for domestic industriesCreatea positive condition for domestic industries
the goods you import at homecreatingthe goods you import at home
the issue elsewherecan ... createthe issue elsewhere
to the preservation of foreign currency earnings within the country and as a resultcontributesto the preservation of foreign currency earnings within the country and as a result
state hospitals and clinicswould have preventedstate hospitals and clinics
new potential for local producerscreatesnew potential for local producers
The initial output recovery(passive) was led byThe initial output recovery
to higher input pricesleadingto higher input prices
from a weak pesoresultingfrom a weak peso
to reduce Russia ’s dependence on foreign suppliers in critical areas , including health caredesignedto reduce Russia ’s dependence on foreign suppliers in critical areas , including health care