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Smart Reasoning:

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

surgery or trauma(passive) can be caused byHeterotopic ossification of varying severity

by surgery or trauma(passive) can be causedHeterotopic ossification of varying severity

the mutationscausemisfolding of the myosin molecule

Researchersdiscovermetastasis molecule

by surgery or trauma to the hips and legs(passive) can be caused byHeterotopic ossification of varying severity

surgery or trauma to the hips and legs(passive) can be caused byHeterotopic ossification of varying severity

rare genetic disorderscausingheterotopic ossification such as fibrodysplasia ossificans

corticosteroidscausingcatabolism of bone

trauma ... likelyto causeexacerbations of the heterotopic ossification

Implant designmay influencedelayed heterotopic ossification

by heterozygous inactivating germline mutations in the paternal allele of the GNAS gene(passive) caused byheterotopic ossification ( HO

by a gain of function mutation in the intracellular region of the BMP type I receptor kinase ALK2 , encoded by the gene ACVR1(passive) caused byheterotopic ossification

Activation of Hedgehog signaling by loss of GNAScausesheterotopic ossification

Activation of Hedgehog signaling by loss of GNAScausesheterotopic ossification

Hedgehog signaling by loss of GNAScausesheterotopic ossification

Reference Activation of Hedgehog signaling by loss of GNAScausesheterotopic ossification

by a gain of function mutation in the intracellular region of the BMP type I receptor kinase ALK2(passive) caused byheterotopic ossification

ACVR1 / ALK2can causeheterotopic ossification

by a gain of function mutation in the intracellular region of the BMP type I receptor kinase(passive) caused byheterotopic ossification

by a gain of function mutation in the intracellular region of the BMP type(passive) caused byheterotopic ossification

/ ALK2can causeheterotopic ossification

by the chronic tear of the ligament(passive) caused bythe sMCL ( heterotopic ossification

trauma ... in turnledto heterotopic ossification

even if the joint growth is due to endochondral ossificationcausesendochondral ossification

Another rare genetic disordercausingheterotopic ossification

ACAN mutations(passive) caused bythe endochondral ossification

tendsto causeheterotopic ossification

the cellular and molecular mechanismsleadingto heterotopic ossification

in turnledto heterotopic ossification

the periosteum tendsto causeheterotopic ossification

fighting capabilitysetsheterotopic ossification

in vitro(passive) is influencedEndochondral ossification

Sensory nerve induced inflammationcontributesto heterotopic ossification

any subperiosteal dissection becauseleaving the periosteum tendsto causeheterotopic ossification

subperiosteal dissection becauseleaving the periosteum tendsto causeheterotopic ossification

The genecausesossification

traumacan causeossification

by defects in Col II secretion(passive) caused byendochondral ossification

The proteincausesossification

by defects in Col II secretion and increased apoptosis(passive) caused byendochondral ossification

ankylosiscausingankylosis

the treatment of thoracic myelopathy(passive) caused bythe treatment of thoracic myelopathy

to bone deposition inleadsto bone deposition in

painmay causepain

compression of spinal cord(passive) caused bycompression of spinal cord

frequentlycausesfrequently

of collagencomposedof collagen

the cartilage to form bonewill promptthe cartilage to form bone

to the formation of the clavicles and cranial bonesleadsto the formation of the clavicles and cranial bones

the cartilagewill promptthe cartilage

in all bonesresultsin all bones

in elongation of the long bones and extension of the axial skeletonresultingin elongation of the long bones and extension of the axial skeleton

in increased heightresultsin increased height

in axial growthresultingin axial growth

alsocontributesalso

new bone to grow between vertebrae , eventually fusing them together and increasing the risk for fracturecausesnew bone to grow between vertebrae , eventually fusing them together and increasing the risk for fracture

this increase(passive) may have been caused bythis increase

the trachea(passive) caused bythe trachea

the elbow(passive) caused bythe elbow

the elbow(passive) caused bythe elbow

movement restriction affect clinical findings adverselycausesmovement restriction affect clinical findings adversely

new bone to grow between vertebraecausesnew bone to grow between vertebrae

Increased tail stiffness(passive) caused byIncreased tail stiffness

contracture(passive) caused bycontracture

to osteogenesis in the early stage of MEcontributesto osteogenesis in the early stage of ME

Ankylosed hip(passive) caused by Ankylosed hip

to the ankylosisleadingto the ankylosis

in some restriction of movements ( Fig . 4resultingin some restriction of movements ( Fig . 4

inflammation in the joints affected , which leads to more paincan also causeinflammation in the joints affected , which leads to more pain

to ankylosis after total hip arthroplastyleadingto ankylosis after total hip arthroplasty

in the formation of bone tissue in an extraskeletal locationmay also resultin the formation of bone tissue in an extraskeletal location

from certain traumacan resultfrom certain trauma

increased hearing losscausesincreased hearing loss

in a bony foramenresultingin a bony foramen

to the ankylosis so characteristic of this disorderleadingto the ankylosis so characteristic of this disorder

proximal radioulnar synostosiscausingproximal radioulnar synostosis

in epiphyseal dysgenesisresultingin epiphyseal dysgenesis

to epiphyseal dysgenesisleadingto epiphyseal dysgenesis

pain and open sores ( ulcersmay causepain and open sores ( ulcers

after closed reduction of hip in children [ 1,2can resultafter closed reduction of hip in children [ 1,2

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