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by dark surfaces that absorb more heat or by lack of vegetation for shade and air cooling(passive) is causedthe " heat island effect
dark surfaces that absorb more heat or by lack of vegetation for shade and air cooling(passive) is caused bythe " heat island effect
by the presence of large built - up areas(passive) caused bythe heat island effect
its impact on the urban climate , or onecontributesto the heat - island effect
data on the characteristics of building and road materialscontributeto the heat island effect
by large buildings and concrete(passive) caused bythe heat island effect
Concrete surfaces absorb heatcausingthe heat island effect
by the dark buildings and pavement absorbing the days heat(passive) caused bythe heat island effect
however they are knownto contributeto the heat island effect
heat - trapping asphalt , which is known ... and releases heat back into the atmosphereto causea " heat - island effect
by local land use and energy decisions and is separate from global warming ... but said the two often work together(passive) is caused bythe heat island effect
by the absorption and retention of heat by city building roofs and asphalt(passive) caused bythe heat island effect
by heat reflecting off of concrete , asphalt , and roof surfaces(passive) is caused bythe heat island effect
heat reflecting off of concrete , asphalt , and roof surfaces(passive) is caused bythe heat island effect
by cement buildings and parking lots that absorb heat instead of reflecting it back into the air(passive) is caused bythe heat island effect
by the waste heat(passive) caused bythe heat island effect
that they absorb heat and , in the case of urban areascausingthe heat island effect
buildings and streets in a city trapping heat(passive) is caused bythe heat - island effect
all the concrete and steel soaking up the heat of the day(passive) is caused byThe heat island effect
heat - trapping asphalt , which is knownto causea " heat - island effect
by the summer heating of surfaces like roads and parking lots(passive) caused bythe heat island effect
these factorsinfluencethe heat island effect
factorscontributingto heat island effect
the other factorscontributeto the Heat Island Effect
by the main buildings(passive) caused bythe " heat island " effect
the amount ... this projectwill contributeto the heat island effect
buildings that benefit the urban climate , rather thancontributeto the heat - island effect
roads , buildings , and other dry , man - made surfaces that retain heatcausingthe " heat island effect
by urban land surfaces(passive) caused bythe heat - island effect
by pavement and buildings in commercial areas(passive) caused bythe heat island effect
pavement and buildings in commercial areas(passive) caused bythe heat island effect
the hard surfaces of the city heat upcausingthe heat island effect.
by traditional roads(passive) caused bythe heat island effect
by concrete and buildings(passive) caused bythe heat - island effect
concrete and buildings(passive) caused bythe heat - island effect
by the project(passive) caused bythe Heat Island Effect
this projectwill contributeto the heat island effect
ground and vegetation ... black ) asphaltcausesthe heat island effect
by hard , dark - colored surfaces like concrete and asphalt(passive) caused bythe heat island effect
by the main buildings and surrounding pavement(passive) caused bythe " heat island " effect
in summer discomfort among nearby residentsresultingin summer discomfort among nearby residents
temperatures on summer nights to be considerably warmer than nearby areascausestemperatures on summer nights to be considerably warmer than nearby areas
to more than one degree heatinghas leadto more than one degree heating
in increasing temperature of the microclimate of the buildingcontributesin increasing temperature of the microclimate of the building
to increased rainfallmay leadto increased rainfall
to increased rainfallleadsto increased rainfall
in increased rainfall over urban areasresultsin increased rainfall over urban areas
even thermal gradients(passive) caused byeven thermal gradients
temperatures to be recorded as higher than they would be otherwise , not lowercausestemperatures to be recorded as higher than they would be otherwise , not lower
warmingcan causewarming
to an upward bias in ground temperature measurementshas ledto an upward bias in ground temperature measurements
increased temperatures in urban environmentscausesincreased temperatures in urban environments
as well that temperature climbed upmight have causedas well that temperature climbed up
to an upward bias in ground temperature measurements How funhas ledto an upward bias in ground temperature measurements How fun
cities to be warmer than the surrounding countryside due to the absorption of heat by buildings during the day and reradiation at nightalready causescities to be warmer than the surrounding countryside due to the absorption of heat by buildings during the day and reradiation at night
higher temperatures(passive) caused byhigher temperatures
to higher temperatures in cities while reducing the cooling load in summer monthscontributesto higher temperatures in cities while reducing the cooling load in summer months
when buildings and paved surfaces absorb and retain heatresultswhen buildings and paved surfaces absorb and retain heat
The warmer temperatures(passive) caused byThe warmer temperatures
to making town centers hotter than surrounding areascontributesto making town centers hotter than surrounding areas
from large amounts of asphalt and concreteresultsfrom large amounts of asphalt and concrete
to significant temperature differences the city and suburbsleadsto significant temperature differences the city and suburbs
2 - 4 percent of gross global warmingmay ... contribute2 - 4 percent of gross global warming
temperatures in major cities to be warmer than suburban and rural areascausestemperatures in major cities to be warmer than suburban and rural areas
high levels of unwanted warming in urban centres relative to adjacent rural areas during the summer monthscauseshigh levels of unwanted warming in urban centres relative to adjacent rural areas during the summer months
contrary to Watts ' own prior research(passive) is ... influenced bycontrary to Watts ' own prior research
cities to reach uncomfortably warm temperaturescausescities to reach uncomfortably warm temperatures
in several degrees Celsius of higher temperature than surrounding rural areas , while the global average surface temperature increase over the last hundred yearsresultsin several degrees Celsius of higher temperature than surrounding rural areas , while the global average surface temperature increase over the last hundred years
in increasing temperature of the microclimate of the building and reduced energy efficiency of a building/ To reduce this effectcontributesin increasing temperature of the microclimate of the building and reduced energy efficiency of a building/ To reduce this effect
effect caused by large buildings and concretecausedeffect caused by large buildings and concrete
urban temperatures to be as much as 10 F higher than nearby rural areascan causeurban temperatures to be as much as 10 F higher than nearby rural areas
to higher city temperaturescontributingto higher city temperatures
local temperatures(passive) caused bylocal temperatures
local temperatures(passive) caused bylocal temperatures
heat to be reflected back into the environmentcausesheat to be reflected back into the environment
to higher urban temperaturesleadsto higher urban temperatures
in undesirable increased temperature levels and air pollutionresultsin undesirable increased temperature levels and air pollution
the urban heat(passive) caused bythe urban heat
to a local built upleadsto a local built up
alsocausesalso