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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

access the factorsinfluencepublic expenditure growth in infrastructure

the factorsinfluencepublic expenditure growth in infrastructure

expenditure between the various regimes in Nigeria between 1970 ... access the factorsinfluencepublic expenditure growth in infrastructure

reformsdesignedto curb the growth of public expenditures

an important factorleadingto the relative growth of public expenditure

economic growthcausesthe growth of government expenditure

increase in GDPcausesgrowth in the government expenditures

The result ... external economic shockcausesthe increase of government expenditure

the factorsinfluencepublic expenditure growth

a big bureaucracywould leadto increased public expenditure

this reorganizationmay causeincreased public expenditure

sickness(passive) caused bythe increased public expenditure

due care ... from whichmay resultPublic Expenditure Control

that seemsto resultfrom the expansion of public expenditure

On the final consumption expenditure , the Department of Statistics saidcontributedpublic consumption expenditure

the resulting policy reform proposals ... wereto leadto increases of public expenditure

taxesleadingto increasing public expenditure

premium products or more variety of product type(passive) mainly contributed bythe growth of spending

Taxationhas ledto increasing public expenditure

by demographic factors(passive) caused byincreasing public expenditures

by demographic factors.[6(passive) caused byincreasing public expenditures

Even so , uncertainty is not pronounced enoughto causegrowth in spending

by population aging(passive) caused byRising public expenditure

The company addressed those issues starting in mid-2018 following repeated scandalscausinggrowth in expenses

leisure and hospitality sectors(passive) was led byGrowth in spending

the main factorinfluencedthe growth of spending

by demographic(passive) caused byincreasing public expenditures

by aging population(passive) caused byRising public expenditure

the underlying deteriorationresultedfrom the rapid growth of public expenditure

such changes in the regulationswill ... resultin expenditure growth

THE MTEF Factorsinfluencingexpenditure growth

by the pension cost(passive) mainly influenced byExpenditure growth

the factorshave contributedto the growth in public spending

China ( +31 % ) and Russia ( +22 %ledthe growth in expenditure

The five priorities set out in the Programme for Government ... should continueto directly influencepublic expenditure

how this organization used budget analysis and advocacyto influencepublic expenditure

this organization used budget analysis and advocacyto influencepublic expenditure

that investments in scientific research affect the increase of the gross social product , which makes greater national budget possibleinfluencingpublic expenditure

possible district level factorsinfluencingpublic expenditure

which makes greater national budget possibleinfluencingpublic expenditure

to the Deficit Crisis that we now facehas ledto the Deficit Crisis that we now face

economic growth and developmentcauseseconomic growth and development

the ratio of debt - tax mix ratiocausesthe ratio of debt - tax mix ratio

properlydesignedproperly

to more debt ... morewould leadto more debt ... more

to more debtwould leadto more debt

to a cut in borrowing , i.e. an improvement in the public financesleadsto a cut in borrowing , i.e. an improvement in the public finances

expansion(passive) led byexpansion

to high public borrowing and that high public borrowing leads to high interest ratesleadsto high public borrowing and that high public borrowing leads to high interest rates

to more debt , which would have to be met with higher taxeswould leadto more debt , which would have to be met with higher taxes

in our estimatewill leadin our estimate

to a sharp decline in More will leadto a sharp decline in More

to multiplier effectsledto multiplier effects

to commensurate economic growth and other social benefitsleadsto commensurate economic growth and other social benefits

to multiplier effects through its impact on domestic demandledto multiplier effects through its impact on domestic demand

to higher tax and social security contributions as well ashas ... ledto higher tax and social security contributions as well as

from the increasing oil revenuesresultedfrom the increasing oil revenues

to a sense that public programs are in crisis Congressional budget officedramatically contributingto a sense that public programs are in crisis Congressional budget office

from additional costs associated with the restructuring of the sugar industryresultedfrom additional costs associated with the restructuring of the sugar industry

to the breaches of the criteria in the treatiesledto the breaches of the criteria in the treaties

from a number of inefficiencies in the economyresultsfrom a number of inefficiencies in the economy

consumers to bid up the prices of goods and services , leading to price increasescan causeconsumers to bid up the prices of goods and services , leading to price increases

to what he called a projected budget deficit of over $ 2 billionhas ledto what he called a projected budget deficit of over $ 2 billion

to high tax and inflationleadingto high tax and inflation

positively to economic growth of a countrycontributespositively to economic growth of a country

to a deterioration of fiscal performance over the 2014 - 16 periodledto a deterioration of fiscal performance over the 2014 - 16 period

the problemscausingthe problems

to a higher debt than previously predictedwill contributeto a higher debt than previously predicted

to higher employmentleadsto higher employment

nearly one and a half percentage points to GDPcontributingnearly one and a half percentage points to GDP

to concomitant growth in energy - related emissions such as CO2leadsto concomitant growth in energy - related emissions such as CO2

a reduction in private spending ... economists call this crowding out ) even when the economy is in the midst of a depressioncan causea reduction in private spending ... economists call this crowding out ) even when the economy is in the midst of a depression

from the reduction of public revenues in this context and the financing of public expendituresresultingfrom the reduction of public revenues in this context and the financing of public expenditures

to recoverycontributingto recovery

to be more containedis setto be more contained

nearly one and a half percentage pointscontributingnearly one and a half percentage points

from the capitalization of research and development resultsresultedfrom the capitalization of research and development results

in better higher educationwould ... resultin better higher education

interest rates(passive) caused byinterest rates

to increasing human welfare developmentcontributingto increasing human welfare development

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Smart Reasoning:

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