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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

the aquifersleadingto massive groundwater abstraction

by the reduction of the flow aquifer section ( barrier effect(passive) caused bygroundwater level

by a sequence of dry years(passive) caused byabstraction of water

by overpumping of aquifers(passive) caused bygroundwater subsidence

zonescontributinggroundwater flow

It is likely that gas production and groundwater flow are interconnected in peatlands : groundwater flow influences gas production by regulating geochemical conditions and nutrient supply available for methanogenesisinfluencesgroundwater flow

by excessive irrigation(passive) caused bygroundwater depletion

sustained groundwater pumping(passive) is primarily caused by Groundwater depletion

by sustained groundwater pumping(passive) is ... caused byGroundwater depletion

both regional and local flow processes(passive) is influenced byDrawdown at groundwater abstraction boreholes

the factorsinfluencinggroundwater mineralization

over - pumpingcan causegroundwater depletion

the groundwater is discharged directly into streamscausinggroundwater depletion

by these companies(passive) caused bygroundwater depletion

by humans(passive) caused bygroundwater depletion

shallow aquiferscausinggroundwater depletion

By some estimates , as much as 30 percent of total water used for irrigation comes from unsustainable withdrawals of groundwatercausinggroundwater depletion

by sea level rise(passive) caused bygroundwater inundation

Groundwater levels can already be high in this areacausinggroundwater seepage

Growing water demandis contributingto abstraction of groundwater

Unregulated groundwater withdrawal from aquifershas causedgroundwater salinisation

This workledto the abstraction of groundwater

improper window seals or construction issuescould be causinggroundwater seepage

by seawater intrusion(passive) caused byGroundwater salinization

Falling groundwater levels , orcan causeover - abstraction of groundwater

the problemscausedover abstraction of groundwater

potential impactsresultingfrom groundwater abstraction

subsidenceresultingfrom the abstraction of groundwater

Heavy Rain - Heavy raincausesgroundwater seepage

development and urbanizationcausegroundwater salinization

the cement foundations(passive) caused bygroundwater flows

These wellscan causegroundwater drawdown

the key reasoninfluencinggroundwater storage1

a decrease in summer flows ,resultingfrom groundwater abstractions

mixing relationships between shallow ground water and a deep formation brinecausesgroundwater salinization

High application rates of nitrogen - containing fertilizers combined with the high water solubility of nitrate leads to increased runoff into surface water as well as leaching into groundwaterthereby causinggroundwater

is lost as run - off.[42 ] High application rates of nitrogen - containing fertilizers combined with the high water solubility of nitrate leads to increased runoff into surface water as well as leaching into groundwaterthereby causinggroundwater

The processesinfluencinggroundwater hydrochemistry

by activities on the surface or from onsite sanitation leaks that end up into the shallow groundwater(passive) caused bygroundwater

to the groundwater aquifers via precipitation and surface water(passive) is ledGroundwater

water - ediment interactions(passive) influenced bywater - ediment interactions

to lower groundwater quality , land subsidence , or adverse effects on nearby userscan leadto lower groundwater quality , land subsidence , or adverse effects on nearby users

the sinking of ground surface ( i.e. land subsidencecausesthe sinking of ground surface ( i.e. land subsidence

in saltwater intrusionmay also resultin saltwater intrusion

to drinking water crisis especially during the premonsoon periodleadingto drinking water crisis especially during the premonsoon period

to aquifer depletionmay leadto aquifer depletion

in salt - water intrusion into farmlands and groundwaterhas resultedin salt - water intrusion into farmlands and groundwater

reduction in streamflow , which for low flows may be critical for the river ecosystems and for biotopes such as e.g. wetlands and marshescausesreduction in streamflow , which for low flows may be critical for the river ecosystems and for biotopes such as e.g. wetlands and marshes

to serious problems : regular lowering of the water level , increased cost of pumping , reduction in artesianism , drying up of natural outlets , poor water quality due to salinization , etchas ledto serious problems : regular lowering of the water level , increased cost of pumping , reduction in artesianism , drying up of natural outlets , poor water quality due to salinization , etc

to mechanical erosionto contributeto mechanical erosion

problems of quality degradation ... excessive drawdown of groundwater levels , land subsidence , reduction of spring and baseflows or degradation of groundwater - dependent ecosystemshas causedproblems of quality degradation ... excessive drawdown of groundwater levels , land subsidence , reduction of spring and baseflows or degradation of groundwater - dependent ecosystems

the groundwater regime ... mainly in the lower part of the catchment , where the cumulative influence of all abstraction points was showedinfluencesthe groundwater regime ... mainly in the lower part of the catchment , where the cumulative influence of all abstraction points was showed

to the Indus Basinhas contributedto the Indus Basin

in a year by year decline in the water tablehave resultedin a year by year decline in the water table

land subsidencecausingland subsidence

Land subsidence(passive) has been caused byLand subsidence

to a general lowering of groundwater levels across the aquiferis contributingto a general lowering of groundwater levels across the aquifer

a decline in the aquifer levels , which not only increases costs for water pumpingcausesa decline in the aquifer levels , which not only increases costs for water pumping

decrease of groundwater levelcausingdecrease of groundwater level

changes in groundwater qualitycan also causechanges in groundwater quality

land subsidence(passive) caused byland subsidence

the land subsidence(passive) caused bythe land subsidence

a change in the aquifer water balancewill causea change in the aquifer water balance

potential subsidence of water tablemay causepotential subsidence of water table

in groundwater seepagehave resultedin groundwater seepage

aquifer - system compaction(passive) caused byaquifer - system compaction

low flows(passive) caused bylow flows

saltwater intrusion(passive) caused bysaltwater intrusion

increased salinity of production aquifers(passive) is causedincreased salinity of production aquifers

many hazardous problemscan causemany hazardous problems

salt water intrusion(passive) caused bysalt water intrusion

river and wetland degradationdoes causeriver and wetland degradation

in saline ( saltwater ) intrusionresultingin saline ( saltwater ) intrusion

alsocausedalso

degradation of rivers and wetlandscausedegradation of rivers and wetlands

degradation of rivers and wetlandsDoes ... causedegradation of rivers and wetlands

to the dryinghas ledto the drying

Direct impacts(passive) are caused byDirect impacts

Direct impacts(passive) are caused byDirect impacts

this increase in salinity(passive) is causedthis increase in salinity

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