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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

to ensure responsible use of the irrigation systemsto preventover - abstraction of groundwater

the funnel - shaped water tableresultingfrom groundwater over abstraction

Induced recharge from nearby surface water bodies ( such as rivers , lakesresultingfrom groundwater abstraction

datum subsidence of several metres(passive) caused bygroundwater abstraction

hydraulically connected surface water resourcesresultingfrom groundwater abstraction

Flow conditions are preventing the surface water body maintaining or achieving the target status class and the reduction in river flow in the surface water body concerned (resulting solelyfrom groundwater abstraction

potential impactsresultingfrom groundwater abstraction

the state fed(passive) led bygroundwater abstraction technology

a reduction of the quality and quantity of water ,resultingfrom groundwater abstraction

Member States and groundwater abstraction volumes(passive) are set bygroundwater abstraction limits

the occurrence of land subsidence(passive) caused bythe occurrence of land subsidence

the future land subsidence(passive) caused bythe future land subsidence

problems of quality degradation , excessive drawdown of groundwater levels , land subsidence , reduction of spring and baseflows or degradation of groundwater - dependent ecosystemshas causedproblems of quality degradation , excessive drawdown of groundwater levels , land subsidence , reduction of spring and baseflows or degradation of groundwater - dependent ecosystems

groundwater - related subsidence.[17may triggergroundwater - related subsidence.[17

groundwater - related subsidence.[19may triggergroundwater - related subsidence.[19

difficulties of caliber degradation , over the top drawdown of groundwater degrees , land subsidence , aid of spring and baseflows or degradation of groundwater - dependent ecosystemshas prompteddifficulties of caliber degradation , over the top drawdown of groundwater degrees , land subsidence , aid of spring and baseflows or degradation of groundwater - dependent ecosystems

saline groundwater to reach about 10 km inland from the coastline and led to land subsidence at a rate of 2 to 34 centimeters per year ( cm / yr ) in east Jakartahas causedsaline groundwater to reach about 10 km inland from the coastline and led to land subsidence at a rate of 2 to 34 centimeters per year ( cm / yr ) in east Jakarta

a decline in the aquifer levels , which not only increases costs for water pumping , but water pumping is also directly linked with the degradation of the water quality due to higher concentration of natural and man - made contaminants in the remaining reservecausesa decline in the aquifer levels , which not only increases costs for water pumping , but water pumping is also directly linked with the degradation of the water quality due to higher concentration of natural and man - made contaminants in the remaining reserve

streamflow depletion ... understanding the hydraulic connectivity between streams and aquifers is critical to effectively manage water resources for societal needs and ecological conservationcan causestreamflow depletion ... understanding the hydraulic connectivity between streams and aquifers is critical to effectively manage water resources for societal needs and ecological conservation

to decline in groundwater levels within aquifers and drying up or causing severe flow reduction in riverscan leadto decline in groundwater levels within aquifers and drying up or causing severe flow reduction in rivers

The simulated drawdown(passive) caused byThe simulated drawdown

to enhanced vertical displacement of salt water or the so - called well upconing phenomenonleadingto enhanced vertical displacement of salt water or the so - called well upconing phenomenon

10.17014 / ijog.4.3.177 - 188 http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol4no3.20093Significant groundwater level drawdown(passive) caused by10.17014 / ijog.4.3.177 - 188 http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol4no3.20093Significant groundwater level drawdown

a base flow reduction of 5 - 28 % ( Hendriks et al . ... in review[4 ... even though the density of groundwater abstraction points for spray irrigation in these catchments is relatively low compared to some sandy catchments in the province of Noord - Brabant that show stream discharge reductions of 22 % to 56 % due to intensive spray irrigation ( > 6 irrigation points per km 2 ) ( De Louw , 2000[5have causeda base flow reduction of 5 - 28 % ( Hendriks et al . ... in review[4 ... even though the density of groundwater abstraction points for spray irrigation in these catchments is relatively low compared to some sandy catchments in the province of Noord - Brabant that show stream discharge reductions of 22 % to 56 % due to intensive spray irrigation ( > 6 irrigation points per km 2 ) ( De Louw , 2000[5

to pumping and changes in flow directions below the surface andleadsto pumping and changes in flow directions below the surface and

aquifer depletion(passive) caused byaquifer depletion

in saline ( saltwater ) intrusionresultingin saline ( saltwater ) intrusion

senior water uses(passive) caused bysenior water uses

crop damage(passive) caused bycrop damage

the site(passive) may have been caused bythe site

from a reduction in water consumption compared with the resent past ( Mandilaras and Voudouris , 2001has resultedfrom a reduction in water consumption compared with the resent past ( Mandilaras and Voudouris , 2001

a drop in the water table ( 34.64 - 60 metres below surfacealso causeda drop in the water table ( 34.64 - 60 metres below surface

to a reduction in pore water pressure by draining water from the poresleadsto a reduction in pore water pressure by draining water from the pores

overpumping of the aquifersto preventoverpumping of the aquifers

a greater increase in the vulnerability to seawater intrusion for a low - lying coastal aquifer than sea - level risecould causea greater increase in the vulnerability to seawater intrusion for a low - lying coastal aquifer than sea - level rise

to streamflow Il - Moon Chungacontributingto streamflow Il - Moon Chunga

an external diseconomy in the form of declining groundwater levelscausesan external diseconomy in the form of declining groundwater levels

in a decline of groundwater levels and a dramatic increase in salinity through both lateral seawater intrusion and shallow salinization from irrigationhas resultedin a decline of groundwater levels and a dramatic increase in salinity through both lateral seawater intrusion and shallow salinization from irrigation

river and wetland degradationdoes causeriver and wetland degradation

to Musimcheon streamcontributingto Musimcheon stream

aquifer - system compaction(passive) caused byaquifer - system compaction

depletion of groundwater storage until a new dynamic equilibrium is establishedcausesdepletion of groundwater storage until a new dynamic equilibrium is established

increasing global population and strain on surface water resources , which in many ways are more sensitive to climate change than groundwater , saline intrusion(passive) caused byincreasing global population and strain on surface water resources , which in many ways are more sensitive to climate change than groundwater , saline intrusion

the environment(passive) caused bythe environment

to more depressed river flows during a droughtleadingto more depressed river flows during a drought

in decreasing groundwater levels and sea water intrusion phenomenonresultingin decreasing groundwater levels and sea water intrusion phenomenon

to drinking water crisis especially during the premonsoon periodleadingto drinking water crisis especially during the premonsoon period

a cone of depression in the source aquifer and the subsequent reinjection results in mounding in the destination aquifercausesa cone of depression in the source aquifer and the subsequent reinjection results in mounding in the destination aquifer

to groundwater resource depletioncan resultto groundwater resource depletion

out in WAT - RM-11 ( SEPA 2010ais ... setout in WAT - RM-11 ( SEPA 2010a

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