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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

to study the conidial dispersal dynamics of Botryosphaeriaceae fungicausinggrapevine trunk diseases ( GTDs

by fungal infections(passive) caused bygrapevine trunk disease Grapevine trunk diseases

>Fungal pathogenscausinggrapevine decline and trunk diseases

the Esca and Black Dead Arm ( BDA(passive) are mainly caused byGrapevine trunk diseases ... two typologies of fungi

vascular fungal infections and pathogenscauseother vine - trunk diseases / rot

Dr. Kendra Baumgartner , a USDA - ARS plant pathologist from Davis , CA(passive) is currently being led byResearch on trunk diseases of grapevines

by fungi(passive) caused bygrapevine wood diseases

by the virus(passive) caused bygrapevine fanleaf disease

by several fungi(passive) caused bya grapevine trunk disease

by the virus , grapevine fanleaf virus(passive) caused bygrapevine fanleaf disease

the first report of this pathogencausingtrunk disease on grapevine

this pathogencausingtrunk disease on grapevine

by Phomopsis viticola in California Plant(passive) caused byA grapevine trunk disease

a complex known as grapevine leafroll - associated viruses(passive) caused byGrapevine leafroll disease

by Phomopsis viticola in California(passive) caused byA grapevine trunk disease

Phomopsis viticola in California(passive) caused bya grapevine trunk disease

Phomopis viticola in California(passive) caused bya grapevine trunk disease

a new viruscausingleafroll disease in grapevine

by a complex of viruses(passive) caused byLeafroll disease of grapevine

by a complex known as grapevine(passive) caused byGrapevine leafroll disease , ...

several virusescan causegrapevine leafroll disease

a complex of vector - borne virus species in the family closteroviridae(passive) is caused byGrapevine leafroll disease

Most of the fungi ( more than 50 speciescausingtrunk disease

fungal pathogenscausegrapevine trunk diseases when they infect

grapevine leafroll associated viruses ( GLRaVs(passive) is caused byGrapevine leafroll disease

by the grapevine leafroll - associated viruses ( family Closteroviridae(passive) caused byGrapevine leafroll disease

an economically important viruscausingGrapevine leafroll disease in grapevine

by a wide range of taxonomically unrelated fungi(passive) to be caused byGrapevine trunk diseases ( GTD

a wide range of taxonomically unrelated fungi(passive) to be caused byGrapevine trunk diseases ( GTD

Biological , Serological , and Molecular Characterization of a Highly Divergent Strain of Grapevine leafroll - associated virus 4CausingGrapevine Leafroll Disease

>Phomopsiscausinggrapevine disease

by fungal infections(passive) caused byGrapevine trunk diseases

fungal infections(passive) caused byGrapevine trunk diseases

mainly(passive) are ... causedGrapevine trunk diseases

Although they are caused by different pathogenscausetrunk diseases

The funguscausestrunk diseases

This fungus ... has been reportedto causetrunk diseases

some time siteresultfrom the grapevine trunk area

knowncausetrunk diseases

associated viruses and virusescausingtrunk diseases

vast upheavals(passive) caused byvast upheavals

serious economic losses to the wine industry ( 1 , 2causingserious economic losses to the wine industry ( 1 , 2

in conditions such as escaresultingin conditions such as esca

yield reduction , vine decline and eventual death of grapevinescausesyield reduction , vine decline and eventual death of grapevines

devastationcan causedevastation

issues in Oregon and management methodscausingissues in Oregon and management methods

poor color development in redcausespoor color development in red

non - uniform maturation of fruit in Vitis vinifera , including poor color development in red grape varietiescausesnon - uniform maturation of fruit in Vitis vinifera , including poor color development in red grape varieties

poor color developmentcausespoor color development

symptoms(passive) caused bysymptoms

poor color development in red grape varieties and non - uniform maturation of fruits in Vitis viniferacausespoor color development in red grape varieties and non - uniform maturation of fruits in Vitis vinifera

non - uniform maturation of fruitcausesnon - uniform maturation of fruit

further destruction(passive) caused byfurther destruction

the damage(passive) caused bythe damage

horrible problems with grapes that were used for winewere causinghorrible problems with grapes that were used for wine

in an easyresultsin an easy

vine declinecausevine decline

to decreased cropcan leadto decreased crop

shoots to diecan causeshoots to die

blackpaintedblack

in stunting , dieback and wiltingresultsin stunting , dieback and wilting

from countries outside North Americaoriginatingfrom countries outside North America

its services with family values in minddesignedits services with family values in mind

rustic texture to walls , doors and morecontributerustic texture to walls , doors and more

the two sheepledthe two sheep

in loss of productivityonly resultsin loss of productivity

5results5

the tournamentleadsthe tournament

from the floor to just below the basking arealeadsfrom the floor to just below the basking area

the standard for service in the communications industryis settingthe standard for service in the communications industry

1results1

1 - 0led1 - 0

rumoursalso causesrumours

a trailwill designa trail

in considerably damage in the communication and activities of an organizationcan resultin considerably damage in the communication and activities of an organization

with orange & yellow floral sprays & flowersdesignedwith orange & yellow floral sprays & flowers

to a left handed scarecrowsetto a left handed scarecrow

18 - 8led18 - 8

strikes e.g in institutionscan causestrikes e.g in institutions

the amount of the drug in your blood to increase to harmful levelsmay causethe amount of the drug in your blood to increase to harmful levels

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Smart Reasoning:

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