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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

founder effects and population bottleneckscan ... influencerates of genetic drift

3 Factorsinfluencegenetic variability Genetic drift

Problem ... random eventscausegenetic drift to occur

3 chance eventscould causegenetic drift to occur

genetic shiftcausessubsequent genetic drift

Even then , the population size throughout the country remained smallcausingextensive genetic drift

The damagecausesgenetic and epigenetic drift

the potassiumcan causegenetic deformation

by small effective population sizes and reduced gene flow(passive) caused bygenetic drift

by small effective population sizes and a strong fragmentation(passive) caused byGenetic drift

chance variation in the genes , environment , or development(passive) is caused byGenetic drift

by local differences in population structure(passive) caused bygenetic drift

local differences in population structure(passive) caused bygenetic drift

these results ... particularly the small population sizeshave ledto genetic drift

a random change in population alleles(passive) is caused byGenetic drift

the two mechanisms and the first mechanism(passive) is caused byGenetic drift

by the founder effect and human selection(passive) strongly influenced bygenetic drift

the change in the frequencies of a particular gene(passive) is caused byGenetic drift

The effect of chance in small populationscan leadto genetic drift

Random change in allele frequency over timecan causegenetic drift

inbreeding in a small population that can be represented by the founder effect(passive) can also be caused byGenetic drift

due to separation of a smaller group from a larger population(passive) is also causedGenetic drift

particularly the small population sizeshave ledto genetic drift

by a very small founder population(passive) caused bygenetic drift

Low populations ... inbreedingleadsto genetic drift

A very small mutation ratemay leadto genetic drift

Evolution A population bottleneck eventcan leadto genetic drift

by small effective population 13 size(passive) caused bygenetic drift

by small population sizes ( 10(passive) caused bygenetic drift

by small population(passive) caused bygenetic drift

two effects ... , called the founder effect and bottleneckingcan causegenetic drift

Natural errors during this processleadto genetic drift

by mutations that became conserved in small isolated populations(passive) caused byGenetic drift

isolation ... other factorscan influencegenetic drift

by isolation and small effective population size(passive) caused bygenetic drift

by small effective population sizes ( Ne(passive) caused bygenetic drift

the change in allele frequencies over timecan causeGenetic drift

random factorscausinggenetic drift

strong selectioncan causegenetic drift

Geographical isolation of a populationleadsto genetic drift

changes in the population genetic structure over timecauseschanges in the population genetic structure over time

allele frequencies to fluctuate within a population from one generation to the nextcan causeallele frequencies to fluctuate within a population from one generation to the next

to loss of genetic variationleadsto loss of genetic variation

to large changes in populations over a short period of timecan leadto large changes in populations over a short period of time

in the complete loss of alleles ( Figure 14to resultin the complete loss of alleles ( Figure 14

them to look differentcausesthem to look different

from ' natural selectionresultsfrom ' natural selection

to the elimination of an allele from a populationcan leadto the elimination of an allele from a population

to random changes in how common traits are in a populationleadsto random changes in how common traits are in a population

to the elimination of an allele from a The founder effectcan leadto the elimination of an allele from a The founder effect

to the " founder 's effectleadsto the " founder 's effect

adaptationto causeadaptation

in the loss of existing rare haplotypes during postglacial forest fragmentationresultedin the loss of existing rare haplotypes during postglacial forest fragmentation

in viral resistance against nucleoside analoguesto resultin viral resistance against nucleoside analogues

the difference in T allele frequencycausedthe difference in T allele frequency

alleles common in the original populationcausingalleles common in the original population

increasing variance in allele frequencieswill causeincreasing variance in allele frequencies

flower color changeinfluencedflower color change

a lack of civic duty in the Empire , as well as political decadencecauseda lack of civic duty in the Empire , as well as political decadence

alleles common in the original population to disappearcausingalleles common in the original population to disappear

to less and/or random fixation of allelesleadsto less and/or random fixation of alleles

genetic drift in natural populationscausesgenetic drift in natural populations

flower color change based on spatial differentiation in the plant ( Linhart & Grant 1996influencedflower color change based on spatial differentiation in the plant ( Linhart & Grant 1996

the direction of change of allele frequenciesto influencethe direction of change of allele frequencies

us to consider CRISPR therapy as the sourceleadingus to consider CRISPR therapy as the source

allele frequencies to changeto causeallele frequencies to change

change in allelic frequencies within a population , loss of genetic variation through fixation of alleles , and genetic divergence between populationscauseschange in allelic frequencies within a population , loss of genetic variation through fixation of alleles , and genetic divergence between populations

to the loss of genetic diversity ( fixation ) Genetic drift Random change in allele frequencies in a populationcan leadto the loss of genetic diversity ( fixation ) Genetic drift Random change in allele frequencies in a population

from the founder effect A founder effect occurs pathogen populations usually become very large as a result of the genetic An extreme example of genetic drift due to aresultingfrom the founder effect A founder effect occurs pathogen populations usually become very large as a result of the genetic An extreme example of genetic drift due to a

allele frequencies to change at random Genetic driftcausesallele frequencies to change at random Genetic drift

allele frequencies to change at random Genetic driftcan causeallele frequencies to change at random Genetic drift

the population to lose genetic variation due to bottleneck , which is when a population size is reduced What is an example of genetic driftcausesthe population to lose genetic variation due to bottleneck , which is when a population size is reduced What is an example of genetic drift

to cancerleadingto cancer

rapid genetic change in the small populationwould causerapid genetic change in the small population

changes in allele frequencies in small populationscan causechanges in allele frequencies in small populations

in the loss of alleles from small populations duecan resultin the loss of alleles from small populations due

to catastrophic breakdownmight be ... leadingto catastrophic breakdown

in changed allele frequencies and loss of genetic variability Founder effectresultsin changed allele frequencies and loss of genetic variability Founder effect

changes in allele frequency in small populationscan causechanges in allele frequency in small populations

a loss of genetic diversity It is most common in small populationscausesa loss of genetic diversity It is most common in small populations

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