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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

Gene knockout next to introducing genes for the production of new enzymes , dna has also been introducedto creategene knockouts

While this protocol describes the use of ZFNsto createa gene knockout

small insertions or deletions ( indelsresultin gene knockout

thus causing a frame - shift mutationresultingin gene knockout

As shown in FIG . 12 , the fusion product and the S. pneumoniae genome undergo a homologous recombination event so that the erm gene replaces the chromosomal copy of the gene of interestthereby creatinga gene knockout

As shown in FIG . 26 , the fusion product and the S. pneumoniae genome undergo a homologous recombination event so that the erm gene replaces the chromosomal copy of the gene of interestthereby creatinga gene knockout

Random insertions or deletions by NHEJ in the coding region lead to frame shift mutationshence creatinggene knockouts

deletion / insertion mutations that are likelyto causegene knockout

by introducing a mutation ( e.g. , missense mutation , nonsense mutation , substitution mutation , deletion mutation , or insertion mutation ) to an open reading frame(passive) may be createdA gene knockout

selectively disabling a specific target gene in a particular type of cells called embryonic stem cells(passive) is created byThe gene knockout

an insertion of a group II intron ... a 3-hydroxyisobutyrate - dehydrogenase gene ( GR4Chr1817resultsin gene knockout

unprecedented precisionto creategene knockouts

Using zinc - finger nuclease ( ZFN ) technology , they successfully targeted the rat genomecreatinggene knockouts

the use of this technologyto creategene knockouts

Although often usedto creategene knockouts

through nonhomologous end(passive) can be createdGene knockouts

Repair DNA fragmentsto creategene knockouts

allowingto creategene knockouts

in several putative colanic acid biosynthesis genes ( wcaM , wcaA , and wza(passive) were createdGene knockouts

By using this temporal axenic amastigote culture , we successfully introduced gRNAs directly into the Cas9-expressing amastigoteto causegene knockouts

rare homozygous predicted loss of function(passive) created bygene knockouts

Unfortunately this was unsuccessful , so we opted for a simpler approachcreatinggene knockouts

to remove genes (creatinggene " knockouts

the potentialto creategene knockouts

joining ( NHEJ ) pathwayto creategene knockouts

Endogenous repair mechanisms triggered by the double - strand breakmay resultin gene knockout

DNA modification can also be used to remove genetic material from the target organismthereby creatinga gene knockout

These InDels can cause out - of - frame mutations in the coding sequences of the target genesresultingin gene knockout

to replace endogenous KCH genes with a drug - resistant marker flanked by lox - P sequences(passive) were designedGene knockout constructs

phenotypesresultingfrom gene knockout

targeted mutationsresultin gene knockout

From the NSF :To createa gene knockout

efforts underwayto creategene knockout zebrafish

package was usedto creategene knockout

Arrayitleadsan ... Gene knockout

In these animals , a wild type gene is replaced with an inactive geneto createa gene knockout

a Deletion of 8   bp within the Apoa4 exon 2 using TALEN approach causes a frameshiftresultingin gene knockout

point mutationscausinggene knockout

to induce the deletion of a particular genecreatinga gene knockout

Indel mutations occurring within the coding region of a gene can result in frameshifts and the creation of a premature stop codonresultingin gene knockout

to embryonic lethality of miceledto embryonic lethality of mice

to Reduced Angiogenesis , Ventricular Dysfunction , and Alterations in Micro - RNA ProfileLeadsto Reduced Angiogenesis , Ventricular Dysfunction , and Alterations in Micro - RNA Profile

to ameliorated collagen - induced arthritis in miceleadsto ameliorated collagen - induced arthritis in mice

in discoloration of calliresultedin discoloration of calli

destruction of intestinal structure and animal deathcausesdestruction of intestinal structure and animal death

the transcript level of cydB gene to be up - regulated ... while cydB gene knockout caused cyoA transcript level to be up - regulated under both N- rich and N- limiting conditionscausedthe transcript level of cydB gene to be up - regulated ... while cydB gene knockout caused cyoA transcript level to be up - regulated under both N- rich and N- limiting conditions

the expression of neighbouring genes [ 33can influencethe expression of neighbouring genes [ 33

metabolic damages(passive) caused bymetabolic damages

the loss of fitness(passive) caused bythe loss of fitness

the transcript level of cydB gene to be up - regulated , and those of other respiratory chain genes such as nuoA , ndh , and atpA genes were also up - regulated ( p < 0.01 , p < 0.01 , and p < 0.01 , respectivelycausedthe transcript level of cydB gene to be up - regulated , and those of other respiratory chain genes such as nuoA , ndh , and atpA genes were also up - regulated ( p < 0.01 , p < 0.01 , and p < 0.01 , respectively

to the disruption of VEGF - mediated signaling through the nitric oxide / heme oxygenase pathway in ischemic preconditioned myocardium by Thirunavukkarasu , Mahesh and Juhasz , Bela and Zhan , Lijun and Menon , Venugopal P and Tosaki , Arpad and Otani , Hajime and Maulik , Nilanjana Free Radical Biology and Medicineleadsto the disruption of VEGF - mediated signaling through the nitric oxide / heme oxygenase pathway in ischemic preconditioned myocardium by Thirunavukkarasu , Mahesh and Juhasz , Bela and Zhan , Lijun and Menon , Venugopal P and Tosaki , Arpad and Otani , Hajime and Maulik , Nilanjana Free Radical Biology and Medicine

to elevated postnatal mortality [ 17leadsto elevated postnatal mortality [ 17

in the loss of both CSBP subunitsresultedin the loss of both CSBP subunits

placental overgrowth and delayed labor of Nrk - null fetusescausesplacental overgrowth and delayed labor of Nrk - null fetuses

embryo lethality in Arabidopsis / I. Murgia , V. Vazzola , A. Losa , D. Tarantino , C. Soavecausesembryo lethality in Arabidopsis / I. Murgia , V. Vazzola , A. Losa , D. Tarantino , C. Soave

in increased virulence in Mycoplasma , Streptococcus pyogenes , and Vibrio cholerae [ 60–62resultedin increased virulence in Mycoplasma , Streptococcus pyogenes , and Vibrio cholerae [ 60–62

in motor neuron loss 28 weeks after birth ( 24did resultin motor neuron loss 28 weeks after birth ( 24

the upregulation of FN protein in the galactose - fed micepreventedthe upregulation of FN protein in the galactose - fed mice

female infertility ... search for novel contraceptive targets Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The West Virginia University , School of Medicine , Health Science Center , Morgantown , WV 26506 9186 , USA Front Biosci 10:2447 - 59causefemale infertility ... search for novel contraceptive targets Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The West Virginia University , School of Medicine , Health Science Center , Morgantown , WV 26506 9186 , USA Front Biosci 10:2447 - 59

gross defects in the patterning of head and neck tissues ... whereas loss of noggin mostly affects trunk and limb developmentcausesgross defects in the patterning of head and neck tissues ... whereas loss of noggin mostly affects trunk and limb development

in different phenotypes when it performs in different genetic backgrounds ( Miklos and Rubin , 1996 ... and on the other hand that specific environmental conditions may decide when the knockout of a certain gene may be lethal , or the effect of a mutation manifestedcan resultin different phenotypes when it performs in different genetic backgrounds ( Miklos and Rubin , 1996 ... and on the other hand that specific environmental conditions may decide when the knockout of a certain gene may be lethal , or the effect of a mutation manifested

to an increase in blood pressure , glomerular damage , and renal fibrosis in diabetic micecan leadto an increase in blood pressure , glomerular damage , and renal fibrosis in diabetic mice

hypoxia - induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in mice ... accompanied by a significant decrease in the proliferation of PASMCs ( 11 ) and indicating specific effects of the NHE1 gene in regulating the proliferation of PASMCspreventedhypoxia - induced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in mice ... accompanied by a significant decrease in the proliferation of PASMCs ( 11 ) and indicating specific effects of the NHE1 gene in regulating the proliferation of PASMCs

oftenresultoften

in hair and bristle patterning defectresultin hair and bristle patterning defect

evolutionary reversals in the mammalian first archHave ... causedevolutionary reversals in the mammalian first arch

to enrich for homologous recombinants and select against random integration of the targeting vectordesignedto enrich for homologous recombinants and select against random integration of the targeting vector

mutant phenotypes(passive) caused bymutant phenotypes

the cells to grow fasterwill causethe cells to grow faster

evolutionary reversals cheyenne in the mammalian first archHave ... causedevolutionary reversals cheyenne in the mammalian first arch

to reduced macrophage - endothelial cell interaction , which resulted in defects in blood vessel formationledto reduced macrophage - endothelial cell interaction , which resulted in defects in blood vessel formation

obesity and obssessive - compulsive behavior cancel each other outcauseobesity and obssessive - compulsive behavior cancel each other out

in changes ( mutations ) in the target gene sequence itself or in the regulatory sequences within the associated promoterresultin changes ( mutations ) in the target gene sequence itself or in the regulatory sequences within the associated promoter

to the overproduction of metabolitesleadsto the overproduction of metabolites

evolutionary reversals in Dosis propranolol pediatria mammalian first archHave ... causedevolutionary reversals in Dosis propranolol pediatria mammalian first arch

in resistance to the BRAF protein kinase inhibitor vemurafenib ( PLX ) in melanoma ( 16resultin resistance to the BRAF protein kinase inhibitor vemurafenib ( PLX ) in melanoma ( 16

in resistance to the BRAF protein kinase inhibitor vemurafenib ( PLX ) in melanoma To test the GeCKO library 's effectiveness for positive selection ( genetic variation that is beneficial to the cellresultin resistance to the BRAF protein kinase inhibitor vemurafenib ( PLX ) in melanoma To test the GeCKO library 's effectiveness for positive selection ( genetic variation that is beneficial to the cell

cell death in a mutant background but not wild type ( synthetic lethality ) will be lost from the population and not observed during sequencingcausecell death in a mutant background but not wild type ( synthetic lethality ) will be lost from the population and not observed during sequencing

diseases(passive) caused bydiseases

reduced pro - inflammatory responses , macrophage apoptosis and cellular necrosis with better stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques [ 17,18causereduced pro - inflammatory responses , macrophage apoptosis and cellular necrosis with better stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques [ 17,18

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