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Smart Reasoning:

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

to measure the relative abundance of gene transcripts by detecting sequence - specific hybridization between a fixed DNA probe and a labeled RNA target(passive) are designedGene expression microarrays

by errors in these programs or mutations in the associated regulatory elements(passive) caused byGene expression perturbations

errors in these programs or mutations in the associated regulatory elements(passive) caused byGene expression perturbations

more than 2,500 STRs predictedto influencegene expression ( eSTRs

age and gender(passive) is influenced byvaspin gene expression

the mechanism by whichcausesgene expression dysregulation

loop losscausesgene expression dysregulation

nucleusto influencegene expression ( 18,31,35

first(passive) was ... discoveredGene expression KLF2

the factorsinfluencemicrocystin gene expression

by changes in DNA cytosine methylation , histone modifications and expression of small non - coding RNAs(passive) caused bygene expression

Several mechanisms , including DNA methylation , histone modifications , and regulatory noncoding RNAs , appearto influencegene expression

the regulatory mechanisms of occludininfluenceoccludin gene expression

by DNA methylation and changes in genetic expression caused by the chemical modification of amino acids in histones ( methylation , acetylation , phosphorylation , etc(passive) caused bygene expression

by epigenetic modifications of the genome , like DNA methylation and histone acetylation(passive) are causedgene expression

epigenetic factors , which act through DNA methylation , histone modification , and noncoding RNA such as short interfering RNA ( sirna ) , all of which can alter gene expression without altering DNA se(passive) is influenced byGene expression

>Methylation of DNA at CpG sites within promoters ... an epigenetic eventinfluencesgene expression

alterations in the levels of specific metabolites in mammalian cells ... chromatin modificationsinfluencegene expression

Epigenetic signatures , such as DNA methylation , histone variants and modifications , are knownto influencegene expression

by changes in the DNA sequence but by DNA methylation , histone modification and other mechanisms(passive) is ... caused bygene expression

Methylation and hydroxymethylation of DNA , and histone modifications , are the most common targets of epigenetic therapyto influencegene expression

by epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation and histone modification(passive) can ... be influenced bygene expression

how binding of transcriptional factors to multiple target sites at the promoterscan influencegene expression

genomic methylation , an epigenetic modification of DNAinfluencesgene expression

non - genetic mechanisms without alterations in gene structure or DNA sequence(passive) caused bygene expression

by histone modification and DNA methylation other than changes in the DNA sequence ( mutations(passive) caused bygene expression

genetic ( DNA related ) and epigenetic ( DNA independent mechanismsinfluencegene expression

by mechanisms ( e.g. methylation ) other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence(passive) caused bygene expression

Histone modifications ... epigenetic mechanismsinfluencegene expression

each of the variable factors in the constructsinfluenceddarbepoetin gene expression

by epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation , histone modification , and microRNA and contrast with terminal disease ageing(passive) caused bygene expression

regions that control transcription ( promoters , enhancers ) and non - coding RNAscan influencegene expression

by regulation mechanisms , other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence(passive) caused bygene expression

the short - term exposure of CEM / A7R cells to EPI(passive) caused byMDR1 gene expression

specific chromatin marks that may be present on both DNA and associated proteins(passive) is generally influenced byGene expression

by mechanisms other than changes in the genetic ( DNA ) code(passive) caused bygene expression

transient hyperglycemia(passive) caused byp65 gene expression

the in vitro treatment conditions in studies using cultured cellsmay have influencedgene expression

Transposable elements ... cis - acting regulatory sequences and epigenetic markscould influencegene expression

by mechanisms other than changes in our underlying DNA(passive) influenced bygene expression

cell migrationto influencecell migration

particular proteinsare designedparticular proteins

the cell to become an osteoblastcausesthe cell to become an osteoblast

diseasecausedisease

to diseasescontributeto diseases

plant growthinfluencesplant growth

to the production of protein Protein levelleadsto the production of protein Protein level

illnesscauseillness

in more aggressive tumor propertiesresultin more aggressive tumor properties

illness later in lifecauseillness later in life

to evasion of host responsesmay contributeto evasion of host responses

to defects in normal programs of cell proliferation , differentiation and survivalleadto defects in normal programs of cell proliferation , differentiation and survival

sickness later in lifecausesickness later in life

to the econtributedto the e

gene silencing and extreme phenotypescausesgene silencing and extreme phenotypes

in chromatin remodelingresultsin chromatin remodeling

based on known transcriptsare designedbased on known transcripts

to a disease state , such as cancercan leadto a disease state , such as cancer

to the clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosiscould contributeto the clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis

to up - regulation of multidrug resistance protein-4 in human plateletsleadingto up - regulation of multidrug resistance protein-4 in human platelets

in survivalresultsin survival

in either hyper transcription or transcriptional arrestresultingin either hyper transcription or transcriptional arrest

Aberrant protein levels(passive) can be caused ... e.g. ... byAberrant protein levels

early after infection with L. majoris ... influencedearly after infection with L. major

in upregulation of Ras , which initiates several signaling cascades regulating cell proliferationresultingin upregulation of Ras , which initiates several signaling cascades regulating cell proliferation

in a decrease of elastic fibers and dermal elasticity , which in turn induces saggingresultingin a decrease of elastic fibers and dermal elasticity , which in turn induces sagging

to lung inflammation and lungleadingto lung inflammation and lung

to inflammatory cell recruitment , infiltration and activationleadingto inflammatory cell recruitment , infiltration and activation

to epithelial morphogenesisleadingto epithelial morphogenesis

and bind to the " permeability transition pore " of mitochondrial membrane inducing loss of selective ion permeability which results in release into the cytosol intermembrane space contents including cytochrome c and apoptosis - inducing factor ( AIFresultingand bind to the " permeability transition pore " of mitochondrial membrane inducing loss of selective ion permeability which results in release into the cytosol intermembrane space contents including cytochrome c and apoptosis - inducing factor ( AIF

from parental leaf damage in Mimulus guttatusresultingfrom parental leaf damage in Mimulus guttatus

to stroke damageleadsto stroke damage

to stroke damage [ 25,32leadsto stroke damage [ 25,32

to the identification of many genes that are differentially expressed in human cancershas ledto the identification of many genes that are differentially expressed in human cancers

to neutrophil - dominated airway inflammation and tissue damage in the CF lungleadingto neutrophil - dominated airway inflammation and tissue damage in the CF lung

to the identification of gene signatures of different cancer typesleadingto the identification of gene signatures of different cancer types

to metabolic or functional changes in cellsleadingto metabolic or functional changes in cells

mutant phenotype Changing gene expression in only specific cellscausingmutant phenotype Changing gene expression in only specific cells

to both normal cell phenotypes and cellular transformationcontributesto both normal cell phenotypes and cellular transformation

to neuronal growth and synthesis of new proteinsleadingto neuronal growth and synthesis of new proteins

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