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In 1585 , a stock alternate was establishedto setfixed foreign money trade rates
by actual monetary flows as well as by expectations of changes in monetary flows caused by different factors(passive) are ... caused byWork Fluctuations in exchange rates
by actual monetary flows as well as(passive) are ... causedWork Fluctuations in exchange rates
fluctuationsresultingfrom business cycles Fixed exchange rates
monetary authorities for one or more currencies(passive) set byFixed Exchange Rate - Official rate
by monetary authorities(passive) set byFIXED EXCHANGE RATE Official rate
monetary authorities(passive) set byFixed exchange rate - Official rate
all other currencies ... the reserve currencyleadsto fixed exchange rates Fixed exchange rates enable the following
All changes occurring in exchange rates ( above 1 % ... IMFledto the effect of fixed exchange rates
The creation of Bretton Woods Systemledto the formation of fixed exchange rates
IMFledto the effect of fixed exchange rates
1944resultedin the formation of fixed exchange rates
what factors ( especially interest rate differentials and price differentialsmight causeexchange rates to change
If the inflation rates of a market change thencauseschanges in the exchange rates
Explaincausesexchange rates to change
changes in the relative price levelscausechanges in the exchange rates
news releasescan causeexchange rates to move illogically
by monetary authorities(passive) set byFixed Exchange Rate - An official exchange rate
the factorscauseexchange rates to move
the volatility of the marketleadsto different exchange rates
the Bretton Woods agreement(passive) set bythe fixed foreign - exchange rates
different payment methodswill resultin different exchange rates
the exchange rate(passive) will be influencedExchange rates In practice
sooner or laterwill leadus back to fixed exchange rates
when a bourse was establishedto setup fixed currency exchange rates
the participating countries agreeingto setfixed exchange rates between their currencies
the method they will useto setfix exchange rates
orderto seta fixed exchange rate
up ... one(passive) set ... bythe fixed exchange rate
by governments to floating rates set by supply and demand for currencies(passive) set byfixed exchange rates
Chinasetsa fixed exchange rate
powerto seta fixed exchange rate
all other currencies ... the reserve currencyleadsto fixed exchange rates
the issuewas settinga ( fixed ) exchange rate
put in place currency controlssettinga fixed exchange rate
all other currencies ... the dollarledto fixed exchange rates
changes in these special priceswill causeadjustments in the exchange rate
This systemresultedin fixed exchange rates
the reserve currencyleadsto fixed exchange rates
Gold flowsresultedin fixed exchange rates
from the gold standardresultedfrom the gold standard
to speculationcan leadto speculation
that the main system defects of Bretton Woods are avoidedcan ... designedthat the main system defects of Bretton Woods are avoided
from other factorsresultfrom other factors
the value of the dollar in terms of goldsetthe value of the dollar in terms of gold
to currency crisiscan leadto currency crisis
in a profitable positioneventually resultingin a profitable position
in losses in certain periodsresultin losses in certain periods
in a court of lawresultingin a court of law
domestic policiesto influencedomestic policies
currency crisesto causecurrency crises
the damages(passive) caused bythe damages
in the U.S. dollarresultedin the U.S. dollar
their exchange ratecan settheir exchange rate
The gold standard(passive) was designedThe gold standard
up in the post war periodsetup in the post war period
a fluctuation in the cost of the local currencymay causea fluctuation in the cost of the local currency
to an excess demand for the domestic currencyleadsto an excess demand for the domestic currency
the surplus in the supply of the currency in the marketcould causethe surplus in the supply of the currency in the market
to currency depreciationmay leadto currency depreciation
to the loss of international reservesleadsto the loss of international reserves
a long - term fixed exchange ratio to other foreign currency units , gold , or a basket of currencies in domestic currencysetsa long - term fixed exchange ratio to other foreign currency units , gold , or a basket of currencies in domestic currency
exchange losscausesexchange loss
greater gains from international asset tradewill causegreater gains from international asset trade
a problem of shortage in the currency supplycould causea problem of shortage in the currency supply
the market ... , " (passive) provoked bythe market ... , "
price distortionsis causingprice distortions
to that stabilitycontributedto that stability
to a foreign exchange crisis andwill leadto a foreign exchange crisis and
to the loss of international reserves and to speculative attack because of chronic deficit of the payment balanceleadsto the loss of international reserves and to speculative attack because of chronic deficit of the payment balance
against the US dollarsetagainst the US dollar
to the loss of international reserves and to speculative attackleadsto the loss of international reserves and to speculative attack
capital inflowcausescapital inflow
in rapid increases in relative unit labor costsresultedin rapid increases in relative unit labor costs
an imbalanced economycan causean imbalanced economy
from high inflation pressuresoriginatedfrom high inflation pressures
in the end currency pricesresultedin the end currency prices
the recession / depression to drag on and onis causingthe recession / depression to drag on and on
to speculation and uncertainty in the value of currenciesleadto speculation and uncertainty in the value of currencies
less inflationhave resultedless inflation