severe damage in pine forests during mass outbreaks [ 19may causesevere damage in pine forests during mass outbreaks [ 19
long serpentine galleries that disrupt the flow of nutrients and water through the treecreatelong serpentine galleries that disrupt the flow of nutrients and water through the tree
premature drop of the fruitcausespremature drop of the fruit
premature fruit dropcausespremature fruit drop
conspicuous blotch mines in foliagecauseconspicuous blotch mines in foliage
distinctive serpentine ( or S - shaped ) galleries in the wood as they feedcreatedistinctive serpentine ( or S - shaped ) galleries in the wood as they feed
the tell - tale serpentine galleries beneath the bark(passive) are created bythe tell - tale serpentine galleries beneath the bark
collapse and eventual decay and complete destruction of the fruitcausingcollapse and eventual decay and complete destruction of the fruit
the wound(passive) created bythe wound
another queen the jelly when bees will reach that limitto createanother queen the jelly when bees will reach that limit
leaf skeletonizationcausingleaf skeletonization
new branches and shoots on trunk and branchesalso triggernew branches and shoots on trunk and branches
round to oblong holes with large amount of faecal mattercausinground to oblong holes with large amount of faecal matter
wing deformity in adult bees in the absence of varroa mites and decreases survival rates of adult bees relative to bees not fed DWVcauseswing deformity in adult bees in the absence of varroa mites and decreases survival rates of adult bees relative to bees not fed DWV
during inspections conducted as part of ground spray efforts in Langforddiscoveredduring inspections conducted as part of ground spray efforts in Langford
new queen bees to ensure no interruption in hive operationsto createnew queen bees to ensure no interruption in hive operations
in a number of moribund larvaeresultingin a number of moribund larvae
The open wounds(passive) created byThe open wounds
strikes(passive) caused bystrikes
The disruption of water and nutrients(passive) caused byThe disruption of water and nutrients
the spectacular defoliation(passive) caused bythe spectacular defoliation
to higher adult numbersledto higher adult numbers
The tunnels(passive) created byThe tunnels
swelling or galls to form at or below the soil surfacemay also causeswelling or galls to form at or below the soil surface
- 05 - 22Damage(passive) caused by- 05 - 22Damage
significant reduction in the weights of infested shoots and capsules in comparison with healthy onehas causedsignificant reduction in the weights of infested shoots and capsules in comparison with healthy one
The windows and brown patches(passive) created byThe windows and brown patches
proper plant developmentcan preventproper plant development
a decline in the tree ’s health , eventually causing tree deathcausea decline in the tree ’s health , eventually causing tree death
in significant mortalityresultingin significant mortality
small windows(passive) have been created bysmall windows