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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

the damage done to the tiny alveoli sacks in the lungs(passive) is caused byCOPD , specifically emphysema

limit your exposure to fumes or chemicals've causedCOPD - related hypercapnia

by enzyme inhibitor deficiency , cigarette smoke , and nicotine Pneumonia or other acute infections such as bronchitis in the lungs(passive) caused byCOPD ) Emphysema

smoking(passive) is almost always caused byEmphysema ( COPD

by smoking(passive) caused byCOPD & emphysema

by smoking(passive) caused byemphysema ( COPD

smoking(passive) is overwhelmingly caused byEmphysema ( COPD

oxygendoes ... causehypercapnia in COPD

lung failurecausedemphysema COPD

a deficiency of the AAT protein in the bloodstream(passive) is caused byAlpha-1-related COPD

by smoking cigarettes(passive) caused byemphysema ( COPD

respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia and influenza(passive) are largely caused byExacerbations of COPD

a prolonged asthmaCan ... causelead to COPD

Irritants like dust have been shownto causeexacerbations of COPD

The most common organismscauseinfective exacerbations of COPD

insufficiencyresultingfrom emphysema ( COPD

respiratory virusescan causeexacerbations of COPD

the common virusescausingexacerbations of COPD

b]WhatcausesCOPD exacerbation?[/b

troubled chroniccausedpulmonary ( copd

bacteriaDo ... causeexacerbations of COPD?

the bacteriacausesexacerbations of COPD

bacteriaDo ... causeexacerbations of COPD

viral infections ( 4(passive) are caused byCOPD exacerbations ( ~50 %

Virusescan also causeexacerbations of COPD

by bacterial and viral infections(passive) caused byexacerbations of COPD

evidencecan causeexacerbations of COPD

by a bacterial infection(passive) caused byexacerbations of COPD

by bacterial infection(passive) caused byexacerbations of COPD

Smokingcan influencepathophysiology of COPD

Moraxella catarrhalis , Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosamay ... causeexacerbations of COPD

by viral infection(passive) caused byexacerbations of COPD

the predominant pathogenscausingexacerbations of COPD

her medical practitionerset( copd , bronchoscopy , pfts

most frequentlycauseexacerbations of COPD

by his smoking history(passive) was ... causedunderlying COPD

a few different risk factorscan causeCOPD to worsen

An ordersetfocusing on COPD

by chronic exposure to lung irritants such as cigarette smoke(passive) is causedyourself!Most COPD

Cigar smoke , second - hand smoke and pipe smoke , as well as long - term exposure to chemicals and fumes ( such as burning fuel for cooking and heating ) affecting normal lung functionare also contributingculprits to COPD

to an accelerated lung functional declineleadto an accelerated lung functional decline

usuallycausesusually

tightnessmay causetightness

Most of the diseases known to be(passive) may be causedMost of the diseases known to be

to a diminished quality of life over timeleadsto a diminished quality of life over time

to a diminished quality of lifeleadsto a diminished quality of life

globallyhas promptedglobally

sleep apneacausessleep apnea

me problems with shortness of breathis causingme problems with shortness of breath

both treatment efficacy and outcomesinfluenceboth treatment efficacy and outcomes

5 other hospital visitshas caused5 other hospital visits

both treatment efficacy and outcomes [ 1influenceboth treatment efficacy and outcomes [ 1

to disease progression and to loss of lung functioncontributeto disease progression and to loss of lung function

to hospitalizationsleadto hospitalizations

a more rapid decline in lung functioncausea more rapid decline in lung function

to hospitalization in most casesleadto hospitalization in most cases

a more rapid decline in lung function [ 6causea more rapid decline in lung function [ 6

considerable morbidity and mortalitycauseconsiderable morbidity and mortality

in increased rates of COPD diagnosis when using some models of spirometersmay resultin increased rates of COPD diagnosis when using some models of spirometers

in more than 100,000 deathsresultin more than 100,000 deaths

to bone lossmight contributeto bone loss

to retention of CO2can leadto retention of CO2

to some air remaining trapped in the lungs during exhalationleadsto some air remaining trapped in the lungs during exhalation

coughing that produces large amounts of mucus , wheezing shortness of breath chest tightness other symptomscan causecoughing that produces large amounts of mucus , wheezing shortness of breath chest tightness other symptoms

a drop in pulse oximetry from the baseline , and treatment , which may include oxygen therapycausea drop in pulse oximetry from the baseline , and treatment , which may include oxygen therapy

to the diseaseleadsto the disease

to hospital ( a and Bleadsto hospital ( a and B

in elevated levels of circulating fragments of structural proteins , which may serve as markers of disease activityresultedin elevated levels of circulating fragments of structural proteins , which may serve as markers of disease activity

from dental proceduresresultingfrom dental procedures

from the interplay of mechanisms governing three conceptually different phenomena : 1resultfrom the interplay of mechanisms governing three conceptually different phenomena : 1

weight losscausesweight loss

# COcauses# CO

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(passive) is causedChronic obstructive pulmonary disease

such severe lung damage that earlier in his life it had hurt his ability to singcausedsuch severe lung damage that earlier in his life it had hurt his ability to sing

such severe lung damage that earlier in his life it had hurt his ability to sing , and later in life it damaged his brain to increase risk for dementiacausedsuch severe lung damage that earlier in his life it had hurt his ability to sing , and later in life it damaged his brain to increase risk for dementia

from the interplay of mechanisms governing three conceptually different phenomena : 1 ) pulmonary disease , 2 ) systemic effects of COPD and 3 ) co - morbidity clustering , each of them with their own dynamicsresultfrom the interplay of mechanisms governing three conceptually different phenomena : 1 ) pulmonary disease , 2 ) systemic effects of COPD and 3 ) co - morbidity clustering , each of them with their own dynamics

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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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