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proton pumps ( primary active transport(passive) created byelectrochemical gradients
Proton pumps use energy from ATPto createelectrochemical gradients
the increased Na+,K+-ATPase activity(passive) created byAn electrochemical gradient
Proton Pump Proton pumps , in a lysosomal membrane , are used by plants , bacteria , and fungito createelectrochemical gradients
Na / K ATPase - Evidence(passive) set byelectrochemical gradient
The Na+/K+ ATPase pumps in the basal membranecreatean electrochemical gradient
primary active transport systems(passive) created byelectro)chemical gradients
the primary active transport system(passive) created bythe electrochemical gradient
the difference in proton harvard(passive) created byan electrochemical gradient
an apical proton pump and the basolateral Na+-K+-ATPase(passive) created bythe electrochemical gradient
the pumping of H+ ions into the intermembrane space(passive) created bythe electrochemical gradient
the sodium pumps(passive) created bythe electrochemical gradient
In addition , primary active transport often functionsto createan electrochemical gradient
o Primary active transport moves ions across a membranecreatingan electrochemical gradient
Active transport of K and Nacreatesan electrochemical gradient
orderto createan " electrochemical gradient
I , III and IV into intermembrane spacecreatingan electrochemical gradient
the Na+/K+-ATPase ( NKA ) located in basolateral membranes ( 4 , 23 , 48 , 70(passive) created bythe electrochemical gradient
which pumps H+ into Thylakoid lumencreatingelectrochemical gradient
pumps at basolateral surface(passive) created by◦ electrochemical gradient
the Na+/K+-ATPase ( NKA ) located in basolateral membranes of the intestinal epithelium ( Grosell and Genz , 2006(passive) created bythe electrochemical gradient
pumping of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane Like NADH(passive) created bythe electrochemical gradient
centration gradient 's active transport(passive) created bycentration gradient
the difference in proton concentration across the inner membrane(passive) created bythe electrochemical gradient
The electron transport chain first pumps H+ ions through a proton pump to the outside of the cellto createthe electrochemical gradient
to pump ions across membranesthereby creatingan electrochemical gradient
up ... chloride flow through CFTR(passive) set ... bythe electrochemical gradient
the active transport of the sodium - potassium pump ( Na+/K+ pump(passive) created byan electrochemical gradient
As those electrons travel further through the electron transport chain in the inner membrane , energy is gradually released and used to pump the hydrogen ions from the splitting of NADH and FADH2 into the space between the inner membrane and the outer membrane ( called the intermembrane spacecreatingan electrochemical gradient
As those electrons travel farther through the electron transport chain in the inner membrane , energy is gradually released and used to pump the hydrogen ions from the splitting of NADH and FADH2 into the space between the inner membrane and the outer membrane ( called the intermembrane spacecreatingan electrochemical gradient
with some transfers , the energy is stored as potential energy by using potential energy to pump hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the intermembrane spacecreatingan electrochemical gradient
iigandegated channels 0 ) pumpscreatingelectrochemical gradients d
to deliver electrons and protons to the electron transport chain of the mitochondrial inner membraneto createan electrochemical gradient
that use the energy from the electrons to pump protonscreatinga electrochemical gradient
the mitochondrial respiratory chain(passive) created bythe electrochemical gradient
in which an electron transport chain pumps hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial stroma across the reaction membrane and into the intermembrane spacecreatingan electrochemical gradient
in which an electron transport chain pumps hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial stroma across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane spacecreatingan electrochemical gradient
the pumping of protons of the cellscreatesan electrochemical gradient
transfer of electrons between a number of compounds embedded in the membrane , linked to movement of protons across the membranesetsup an electrochemical gradient
sodium reabsorption [ 46(passive) caused bya transepithelial electrochemical gradient
across the cell membrane by such ionic translocationcreatedacross the cell membrane by such ionic translocation
changes in the cellular / plasma membrane permeability and 2causeschanges in the cellular / plasma membrane permeability and 2
the rotation of the ATP synthase ( complex V ) , which leads to the formation of ATP from the phosphorylation of ADP [ 2][3triggersthe rotation of the ATP synthase ( complex V ) , which leads to the formation of ATP from the phosphorylation of ADP [ 2][3
from the differing rates or proton exchange across the cell membraneresultingfrom the differing rates or proton exchange across the cell membrane
to cell deathleadsto cell death
up ... with the cell negatively charged at -70mV.to be setup ... with the cell negatively charged at -70mV.
a potential difference across the inner mitochondrial membrane http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations/atpg radient / movie - flash.htm 6createsa potential difference across the inner mitochondrial membrane http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations/atpg radient / movie - flash.htm 6
to chloride and water accumulation and cell swellingleadsto chloride and water accumulation and cell swelling
K to be drawn back into the cell by an electrical forcecausingK to be drawn back into the cell by an electrical force
a high concentration in the IMS and a low concentration of H+ in the matrixcreatinga high concentration in the IMS and a low concentration of H+ in the matrix
protons to flow down the gradient and back into the matrix through ATP synthasecausesprotons to flow down the gradient and back into the matrix through ATP synthase
over the cell membrane that gives rise to the transmission of nerve impulses in neuronsis createdover the cell membrane that gives rise to the transmission of nerve impulses in neurons
chloride to exit the cell upon GtACR2 channel opening , resulting in depolarization of the membrane potentialcauseschloride to exit the cell upon GtACR2 channel opening , resulting in depolarization of the membrane potential
the proton flow was generated by enzymes fixed in the mitochondrial cell membraes , which pump protons to regions of higher concentrationcausingthe proton flow was generated by enzymes fixed in the mitochondrial cell membraes , which pump protons to regions of higher concentration
it to enter the cell when the channels open , resulting in a net flow of positive ions into the cell that increases the membrane potentialcausesit to enter the cell when the channels open , resulting in a net flow of positive ions into the cell that increases the membrane potential
from the combined effects of membrane potential and concentration gradient membrane potential the charge difference between the cytoplasm and fluid outside of the cell due to a differential distribution of ionsresultingfrom the combined effects of membrane potential and concentration gradient membrane potential the charge difference between the cytoplasm and fluid outside of the cell due to a differential distribution of ions
to a new class of controlled surface architecturesleadingto a new class of controlled surface architectures
to massive influx of calciumleadingto massive influx of calcium
the action potentials what constrained themcreatedthe action potentials what constrained them
using a dedicated QBrush constructorsetusing a dedicated QBrush constructor
from longitudinal slope and superelevationresultingfrom longitudinal slope and superelevation
of an electrical ( the membrane potentialcomposedof an electrical ( the membrane potential
across inner membranecreatedacross inner membrane
up which is in fine equilibrium with the chemical gradientto setup which is in fine equilibrium with the chemical gradient
e.g. , hydrodynamic trap ... or destroy accumulation of hydrocarbon in trapsmay createe.g. , hydrodynamic trap ... or destroy accumulation of hydrocarbon in traps
in less efficient energy conservationresultingin less efficient energy conservation
the dissenting restingpotentialcreatingthe dissenting restingpotential
the reabsorption of other cations such as Mg++ and Ca++causingthe reabsorption of other cations such as Mg++ and Ca++
from the membrane potency and concentration gradient4originatingfrom the membrane potency and concentration gradient4
to the creation of ATPleadsto the creation of ATP
an action potential ( -70mv to +30mVcausesan action potential ( -70mv to +30mV
to an equivalent formation ofleadsto an equivalent formation of
in the previous stepcreatedin the previous step
in Influx of Ca ions and dysfunction of mitochondria ... and Degradation of plasma membrane and nuclear structuresresultsin Influx of Ca ions and dysfunction of mitochondria ... and Degradation of plasma membrane and nuclear structures
an influx of K+ once the channels are openedcausesan influx of K+ once the channels are opened
the transmembrane potential ( ΔΨmtcreatesthe transmembrane potential ( ΔΨmt
of hydrogen ionscomposedof hydrogen ions
in a net negative charge within mitochondriaresultingin a net negative charge within mitochondria
transport processes(passive) caused bytransport processes
The potential energy(passive) created byThe potential energy