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a variety of factors.in.in For Tariff plan details and booking of Broadband connections(passive) is caused byDispersion in optical fibers
the Rayleigh effect which results from inhomogeneities in the core glass that are formed in the production process(passive) is caused principally byScattering in optical fibers
light travelling on multiple paths with more of fewer zigzags(passive) is caused byDispersion in optical fibres
the mechanismscausingintramodal dispersion in optical fibers
the difference of times , in which signal lights having different frequencies supplied to an input terminal of the optical fiber(passive) is caused byDispersion of an optical fiber
the differential phase shiftresultingfrom transmissive dispersion in the optical fiber
the optical fibers and other optical materialscausethe polarization dispersion in the optical fiber
a temperature condition dynamically(passive) is caused bythe dispersion in an optical fiber
to achieve low ( or even zero ) path - averaged GVD by using a periodic chain of spans , that is , by inserting the dispersion compensating fiber ( DCF ) with anomalous GVD into a single - mode fiber ( SMF ) with normal GVD [ 3 - 5(passive) is designedA dispersion - managed optical fiber
signal deterioration(passive) caused bysignal deterioration
the delays(passive) caused bythe delays
the optical pulse broadening(passive) caused bythe optical pulse broadening
pulse broadening and data rate degradationcausespulse broadening and data rate degradation
signal fading(passive) caused bysignal fading
waveform degradation(passive) caused bywaveform degradation
in a non - linearity of the optical fiber , for example , a four - wave mixing in which lights of different wavelengths may be mixed together , even though a reduced signal distortion is In particular , the most practical method usable in the WTM optical transmission system for a further increase in transmission capacity is to increase the number of channels usedmay resultin a non - linearity of the optical fiber , for example , a four - wave mixing in which lights of different wavelengths may be mixed together , even though a reduced signal distortion is In particular , the most practical method usable in the WTM optical transmission system for a further increase in transmission capacity is to increase the number of channels used
spreading of light within the core of the optical fiber due to propagation delay spread of different spectral components of the transmitted signal which leads to pulse broadening of transmitted signalcausesspreading of light within the core of the optical fiber due to propagation delay spread of different spectral components of the transmitted signal which leads to pulse broadening of transmitted signal
the degradation of a signal waveform(passive) is caused bythe degradation of a signal waveform
optical signals at different optical frequencies to propagate at different speedscausesoptical signals at different optical frequencies to propagate at different speeds
spectral components of different wavelengths included in an optical signal to propagate through the optical fiber at different speeds , thereby inducing pulse broadening in the optical signalcausesspectral components of different wavelengths included in an optical signal to propagate through the optical fiber at different speeds , thereby inducing pulse broadening in the optical signal
distortion in _causesdistortion in _
in distortion of the signalresultsin distortion of the signal
broadband light pulses(passive) caused bybroadband light pulses
pulse power losses(passive) caused bypulse power losses
intersymbol interference that closes eye diagramscreatesintersymbol interference that closes eye diagrams
transmission linescomposetransmission lines
so as to have a zero - dispersion wavelength in the 1.55-μm wavelength banddesignedso as to have a zero - dispersion wavelength in the 1.55-μm wavelength band
signals to arrive at different timingscausesignals to arrive at different timings
pulses and edges to be smearedcausespulses and edges to be smeared
channel amplitudes to varyalso causeschannel amplitudes to vary
to dispersion in the performance of the sensorsleadsto dispersion in the performance of the sensors
light of different wavelengths to propagate at different speedscauseslight of different wavelengths to propagate at different speeds
signal overlapcausessignal overlap
different wavelengths propagate along the fiber at different speedscausesdifferent wavelengths propagate along the fiber at different speeds
to reduce chromatic dispersionhas been designedto reduce chromatic dispersion
consecutive pulses to interfere with each othercausesconsecutive pulses to interfere with each other
signal waveform distortion(passive) caused bysignal waveform distortion
to provide superior compensation over a specified wavelength banddesignedto provide superior compensation over a specified wavelength band
a waveform change(passive) caused bya waveform change
high - frequency signals(passive) caused byhigh - frequency signals
waveform deterioration(passive) caused bywaveform deterioration
to have a cutoff wavelength longer than those of light signals at a fiber length of 2 m as well as having a large effective area and a small absolute value of dispersionis designedto have a cutoff wavelength longer than those of light signals at a fiber length of 2 m as well as having a large effective area and a small absolute value of dispersion
alsowould ... causealso
the optical dispersion compensating unitcomposingthe optical dispersion compensating unit
in very poor bandwidthwill resultin very poor bandwidth
because of dependence of group index to wavelength which causes a temporal broadening of the pulses as they are propagating in the fiberis createdbecause of dependence of group index to wavelength which causes a temporal broadening of the pulses as they are propagating in the fiber
forth in claim 5setforth in claim 5
in the positive embodiments described above , on the contrary when the dispersion is negativeis setin the positive embodiments described above , on the contrary when the dispersion is negative
such that the outside diameter of the core region is set to an appropriate valueis designedsuch that the outside diameter of the core region is set to an appropriate value