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HIV-1 coinfection(passive) influenced bydirectional selection
a strong environmental selective pressurecausingdirectional selection
genomic regionsputatively resultingfrom directional selection
the significance of the linear trend in the allelic frequency changesmight resultfrom directional selection
will have lowered fitnesscausingdirectional selection
different mortality agentscausedirectional selection
Low polymorphism - to - divergence ratiocould resultfrom directional selection
significant differences between temperate and tropical maize lines ( p ≤ 2.78 × 10−5resultingfrom directional selection
size selective harvesting , 2(passive) caused bythe directional selection
Animal predatorscan also createdirectional selection
Human interactioncan also causedirectional selection
Cambridgecausesdirectional selection
what is neededto causedirectional selection
the effects of climatic trends on the suitability of overwintering environments(passive) caused bydirectional selection
high synonymous substitution ratesresultingfrom directional selection
When natural selection removes those exhibiting the extremes of a trait , then the average of that trait will shift over timecreatingdirectional selection
By seanoutside A few studies in the early 2000 ’s foundwas influencingdirectional selection
Production of seedlings under environmental conditions much different from those at the seed collection sitemay causedirectional selection
species differences ... more likelyto have resultedfrom directional selection
the factorsinfluencingdirectional selection
in accommodation to the new environment , or adaptation adapting and evolving as their environments changeresultingin accommodation to the new environment , or adaptation adapting and evolving as their environments change
decanalization in a group I ribozymecausesdecanalization in a group I ribozyme
decanalization on short time scales ... and demonstrate co - evolution of mutational and environmental robustnesscan causedecanalization on short time scales ... and demonstrate co - evolution of mutational and environmental robustness
to the creation of a new speciesCould ... leadto the creation of a new species
a the formation of a new speciesleadsa the formation of a new species
to improved selection in a stable environmentleadsto improved selection in a stable environment
in phenotypic changeresultingin phenotypic change
adaptational changecan causeadaptational change
decanalization in a group cialis 5 mg funzionacausesdecanalization in a group cialis 5 mg funziona
the population of mosqui- toes to evolve resistance rapidly , 2 ) as a definitive procedure for palliation of airway obstructioncausedthe population of mosqui- toes to evolve resistance rapidly , 2 ) as a definitive procedure for palliation of airway obstruction
in increased unpreferred codon usage ( and presumably reduced translational efficiency ) in three divergent clusters of eukaryotic genomesresultingin increased unpreferred codon usage ( and presumably reduced translational efficiency ) in three divergent clusters of eukaryotic genomes
the evolution of male traitsinfluencesthe evolution of male traits
to the fixation of one alleleleadsto the fixation of one allele
adaptive divergence between populationswill causeadaptive divergence between populations
to reduction in its frequency Natural selection changes allele frequenciesleadingto reduction in its frequency Natural selection changes allele frequencies
to the fixation of the selectively favored alleleleadsto the fixation of the selectively favored allele
decanalization in our evolving population of ribozymescauseddecanalization in our evolving population of ribozymes
to evolutionary change while depleting standing genetic variationleadsto evolutionary change while depleting standing genetic variation
to decanalization in the form of decreased mutational robustness ( Fig . 1Aleadsto decanalization in the form of decreased mutational robustness ( Fig . 1A
evolution to the left ... to the right of the fitness minimum it causes evolution to the rightcausesevolution to the left ... to the right of the fitness minimum it causes evolution to the right
rapid change in phenotypes , followed by a plateau , caused by the loss of genetic variationcausesrapid change in phenotypes , followed by a plateau , caused by the loss of genetic variation
to the fixation of species - specific beneficial mutations in coding and regulatory regions [ 7 , 8can contributeto the fixation of species - specific beneficial mutations in coding and regulatory regions [ 7 , 8
to a situation where marker frequencies would be more similar across plants at the second sampling event than at the first , yielding smaller final variance and FST , our data show the opposite , strongly contradicting the directional selection hypothesiswould leadto a situation where marker frequencies would be more similar across plants at the second sampling event than at the first , yielding smaller final variance and FST , our data show the opposite , strongly contradicting the directional selection hypothesis
mitochondrial genome sequence variation between southern , northern , and fresh water populations of F. heteroclitushas ... influencedmitochondrial genome sequence variation between southern , northern , and fresh water populations of F. heteroclitus
less than random drift to the dynamics of allele frequencies at individual loci ( i.e. , all loci are near neutralcontributesless than random drift to the dynamics of allele frequencies at individual loci ( i.e. , all loci are near neutral
to the concerted retention of specific sets of allelic variants at interacting loci involved in two paralogous pathways so as to resolve the pathwaysmight leadto the concerted retention of specific sets of allelic variants at interacting loci involved in two paralogous pathways so as to resolve the pathways
populations to diverge ( i.e. , high FST between populations ... whereas in balancing selection the distance between population might be shortened30will causepopulations to diverge ( i.e. , high FST between populations ... whereas in balancing selection the distance between population might be shortened30
plants to display increasingly diverse amounts of color variations extending into the ultraviolet color scale , thus attracting higher levels of pollinators.[6has ledplants to display increasingly diverse amounts of color variations extending into the ultraviolet color scale , thus attracting higher levels of pollinators.[6
in the spread of the derived rs9368197 and rs7754840 alleles of CDKAL1 , the ancestral rs2236418 allele of GAD2 , and the derived rs2920502 allele of PPARG in CEU and/or ASN populationsresultedin the spread of the derived rs9368197 and rs7754840 alleles of CDKAL1 , the ancestral rs2236418 allele of GAD2 , and the derived rs2920502 allele of PPARG in CEU and/or ASN populations
negative disequilibrium covariance between allele effects across loci ... resulting in temporary reductions in genetic variance for the trait under selection , a phenomenon referred to as the Bulmer effect ( Bulmer 1971 ; Walsh and Lynch 2018createsnegative disequilibrium covariance between allele effects across loci ... resulting in temporary reductions in genetic variance for the trait under selection , a phenomenon referred to as the Bulmer effect ( Bulmer 1971 ; Walsh and Lynch 2018
reduced variation through selective sweepswill causereduced variation through selective sweeps
to situations where dominance is directional ... in the same direction as the selectionleadsto situations where dominance is directional ... in the same direction as the selection
to an increase or decrease in allele frequencyleadsto an increase or decrease in allele frequency
eventuallycan causeeventually
to maximally different spectrato leadto maximally different spectra
the frequency of individual alleles , particularly new alleleshas influencedthe frequency of individual alleles , particularly new alleles
segregation distortion ( Fig 4causingsegregation distortion ( Fig 4
a population to move in a particular direction because of individuals each having extreme values of a traitcausesa population to move in a particular direction because of individuals each having extreme values of a trait
the efficiency of situationinfluencingthe efficiency of situation
to differences in traits that affect the reproductive system , such as flowering time [ 67leadsto differences in traits that affect the reproductive system , such as flowering time [ 67