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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

control controlscreateddensity dependence

population regulation , which may be of a very general kind(passive) is caused byDensity dependence

intercohort competition and cannibalism(passive) caused bydensity dependence

the actual factorscausedensity - dependence

because there is considerable overlap in antibodies in immunity against fecunditycreatingdensity - dependence

intraspecific competition(passive) was caused bydensity dependence

at logarithmic gain(passive) were setdensity - dependent ) scatter

predation in the broadest sensecan ... causedensity dependence

Nonetheless , processescreatedensity dependence

thermal refuge ( Coutant 1987 ) and prey abundance ( Axon and Whitehurst 1985could influencedensity dependence

7 ) lack of naturally - acquired protective immunity against fecunditycreatingdensity - dependence

trait - mediated effectscan influencedensity dependence

environmental factors in insect populations ( James & Partridge 1998(passive) influenced bydensity - dependent characters

6 ] patients with aesthetic problems showing no difference in protective immunity against fecunditycreatingdensity - dependence

ignoring observation errors(passive) caused bydensity dependence

reoriented into a 18 kx load to generate protective immunity against fecunditycreatingdensity - dependence

which may increase pressure from shared pathogens and predators13,14causedensity dependent mortality2,15,16

What are the only cognitive alteration in their diet experienced an increase of cd4-positive cells in immunity against fecunditycreatingdensity - dependence

The usesetsdensity - dependent

Enlarged feeding arteries and the immunity of vaccinated mice to stimulate immunity against fecunditycreatingdensity - dependence

competition for prey ( Partridge & DeVries , 1999(passive) caused bydensity - dependent effects

limited numbers of fish utilised in this experimentcould have preventeddensity - dependent effects

nonrewarding stimulicausesdensity - dependent predation

extra care must be takento preventdensity - dependent froex

Russian Film Weekcreatesdensity - dependent

ma94 ( ) , the amending term , incorporated into the vector potentialleadsto the density - dependent

large numbers of hatchery fish in freshwater and marine environments(passive) triggered bydensity dependent effects

a leader greater caseto preventd. & density - dependent

plant invasions through fragmented landscapes 48influencesplant invasions through fragmented landscapes 48

the evolution and behavior of masquerading prey 10influencesthe evolution and behavior of masquerading prey 10

the evolution and behavior of masquerading prey[Jinfluencesthe evolution and behavior of masquerading prey[J

plant invasions through fragmented landscapes ’ Ecology 99(4influencesplant invasions through fragmented landscapes ’ Ecology 99(4

logistic population growthcan causelogistic population growth

the evolution and behavior of masquerading prey Skelhorn , Johninfluencesthe evolution and behavior of masquerading prey Skelhorn , John

autocorrelation of N(passive) caused byautocorrelation of N

plant invasions through fragmented landscapes Williams , Jennifer L. ; Levine , Jonathan M. Ecology 2018influencesplant invasions through fragmented landscapes Williams , Jennifer L. ; Levine , Jonathan M. Ecology 2018

in a positive contribution of reproductive rates ... and a negative contribution of the numbers of individuals in the adult age class , to the realised population growth rateresultedin a positive contribution of reproductive rates ... and a negative contribution of the numbers of individuals in the adult age class , to the realised population growth rate

the evolution and behavior of masquerading prey | PNAS Density - dependent predation influences the evolution and behavior of masquerading prey John Skelhorn , Hannah M. Rowland , Jon Delf , Michael P. Speed and Graeme D. Ruxtoninfluencesthe evolution and behavior of masquerading prey | PNAS Density - dependent predation influences the evolution and behavior of masquerading prey John Skelhorn , Hannah M. Rowland , Jon Delf , Michael P. Speed and Graeme D. Ruxton

individuals to choose suboptimal habitats where predation risk is high and foraging rate lowcan causeindividuals to choose suboptimal habitats where predation risk is high and foraging rate low

gamete traits(passive) are influenced bygamete traits

off in this paper from the early 20th centurysetoff in this paper from the early 20th century

deaths(passive) caused bydeaths

populations that are far below Kinfluencespopulations that are far below K

from size plasticityresultingfrom size plasticity

community diversityinfluencescommunity diversity

the abundance and distribution of speciesinfluencesthe abundance and distribution of species

to greater stability in high - severity environments and lower stability in moderate - severity environments relative to facilitation - driven dynamics without time lagsleadingto greater stability in high - severity environments and lower stability in moderate - severity environments relative to facilitation - driven dynamics without time lags

wasp numbers to fall once local numbers of wasps reach a certain pointcauseswasp numbers to fall once local numbers of wasps reach a certain point

to a pattern of relatively higher density of a mobile organism at one site compared to anothercan leadto a pattern of relatively higher density of a mobile organism at one site compared to another

spatial separation of adults and conspecific seedlings [ e.g. , timber harvesting , succession , the mass effect ( 23could createspatial separation of adults and conspecific seedlings [ e.g. , timber harvesting , succession , the mass effect ( 23

the nelson said “ ok ” and air , of drivers octoberwill createthe nelson said “ ok ” and air , of drivers october

effects of a population to differ from that expected based on allometrycan causeeffects of a population to differ from that expected based on allometry

to intense competitive interactions in many organisms , including reef fishes ( Bonin et al . , 2015leadsto intense competitive interactions in many organisms , including reef fishes ( Bonin et al . , 2015

a greater curvature in the stock - recruit relationshipcausinga greater curvature in the stock - recruit relationship

extinctionmight preventextinction

a population through increasing or decreasing birth and death ratesinfluencea population through increasing or decreasing birth and death rates

in a moderate increase in coral cover , which was spread over most species groupsresultedin a moderate increase in coral cover , which was spread over most species groups

substantial differences inpredictions among programscausedsubstantial differences inpredictions among programs

to seasonal compensation effects , which occur when a change in population size in a season affects the strength of density dependence ( and hence the reproductive success ) in the following season [ 1 , 7 , 8can leadto seasonal compensation effects , which occur when a change in population size in a season affects the strength of density dependence ( and hence the reproductive success ) in the following season [ 1 , 7 , 8

the success of A. cervicornis outplanted for restoration ... and that the strength and direction of density dependence changes with coral densitycan influencethe success of A. cervicornis outplanted for restoration ... and that the strength and direction of density dependence changes with coral density

in first at larger population sizessetsin first at larger population sizes

from variations in concentration and temperatureresultingfrom variations in concentration and temperature

a weak clustering with mortality(passive) caused bya weak clustering with mortality

to hierarchies in standsleadsto hierarchies in stands

the increased mortality in 2014(passive) to be caused bythe increased mortality in 2014

detection device diameter diffusion diseases document dynamic efficient engineering enough error expect experiment experimentally exponential feasibility field flat food form fraction function future geometry goal gradient healthy heavy height hepatic hospital humans ideal in vivo intervals intra inversely invertible investigate known layers likely linear linearity lipid location long made magnet material materials measure measureddesigneddetection device diameter diffusion diseases document dynamic efficient engineering enough error expect experiment experimentally exponential feasibility field flat food form fraction function future geometry goal gradient healthy heavy height hepatic hospital humans ideal in vivo intervals intra inversely invertible investigate known layers likely linear linearity lipid location long made magnet material materials measure measured

the problems(passive) caused bythe problems

the input of L3 larvae into the host ’s skin and the ingestion of microfilariae by the vectormay influencethe input of L3 larvae into the host ’s skin and the ingestion of microfilariae by the vector

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