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Smart Reasoning:

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

by multiple factors(passive) caused bysudden decreased cardiac output

venous return ... perfusion and oxygen delivery ( and etccausingDECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT causing

A decrease in preload causes a decrease in stroke volumewill causea decrease in the cardiac output

a decrease in stroke volumewill causea decrease in the cardiac output

which selectively block beta 1 receptors on the heartthus causingdecrease in cardiac output

stroke volumewill causea decrease in the cardiac output

by Non - cardiac Peripheral(passive) Caused byDecrease in Cardiac Output

diastolic volumecausingdecrease cardiac output

venous returncausesa decrease in cardiac output

by decreased heart rate during deep general anesthesia(passive) caused bylower cardiac output

less O2 delivery caused by a lower venous return and decreased stroke volumeresultingin decreased cardiac output

Howevercausesdecrease in cardiac output

above - normal pressurescausinga decrease in cardiac output

Pressure on this veinmay causea decrease in cardiac output

these drugscan causea decrease in cardiac output

The effects on the sympathetic nervous systemcan causea decrease in cardiac output

Cardiovascular Effects Concomitant Conditions Phenylephrinecan causea decrease in cardiac output

Heart failurecausesdecrease cardiac output

because vasopressin also acts on the brainto causea decrease in cardiac output

in turncausesreduced cardiac output

There is often secondary effects of hypoxia on cardiac myocytescausingreduced cardiac output

There are often secondary effects of hypoxia on cardiac myocytescausingreduced cardiac output

Increase Decreased stroke volumecan resultin decreased cardiac output

1 ) competitive antagonism of catecholamines at peripheral adrenergic receptor sites ( especially cardiacleadsto decreased cardiac output

a slight increase in pacing ratemay causea decrease in cardiac output

1) competitive antagonism of catecholamines at peripheral ( especially cardiac ) adrenergic neuron sitesleadingto decreased cardiac output

1 ) competitive antagonism of catecholamines at peripheral ( especially cardiac ) adrenergic neuron sites ,leadingto decreased cardiac output

Phenylephrinecan causea decrease in cardiac output

Hyperventilationcausesa decrease in the cardiac output

vasopressincausesdecrease in cardiac output

a decrease in venous return to the heartleadsto decreased cardiac output

a decrease in venous return to the heartresultsin decreased cardiac output

Competitive antagonism of catecholamines at peripheral adrenergic receptor sites ( especially cardiacleadsto decreased cardiac output

d ... competitive antagonism of catecholamines at peripheral adrenergic receptor sites ( especially cardiacleadsto decreased cardiac output

Competitive antagonism of [ [ catecholamines ] ] at peripheral ( especially cardiac ) adrenergic receptor sitesleadingto decreased cardiac output

by ischemia(passive) caused byReduced cardiac output

ed are:(1 ) competitive antagonism of catecholamines at peripheral adrenergic receptor sites ( especially cardiacleadsto decreased cardiac output

2 Competitive antagonism of catecholamines at peripheral ( especially cardiac ) adrenergic neuron sitesleadingto decreased cardiac output

peripheral adrenergic receptor sites ( especially cardiacleadsto decreased cardiac output

d ... peripheral adrenergic receptor sites ( especially cardiacleadsto decreased cardiac output

to decrease in mean arterial pressureleadsto decrease in mean arterial pressure

a sympathetic stimulation , which causes an increase in HR , BP , and rate and depth of respirations as a compensatory mechanismcausinga sympathetic stimulation , which causes an increase in HR , BP , and rate and depth of respirations as a compensatory mechanism

to impaired renal perfusion , reduced stroke volumeleadingto impaired renal perfusion , reduced stroke volume

to an increase in GFR which causes increased urine productionleadsto an increase in GFR which causes increased urine production

to an increase in GFR which causes increased urine production leadsto an increase in GFR which causes increased urine production

reduced end - organ perfusioncausingreduced end - organ perfusion

in an increase in sympathetic activity and diastolic blood pressureresultedin an increase in sympathetic activity and diastolic blood pressure

in heart failure symptoms such as fatigue and shortness of breathresultsin heart failure symptoms such as fatigue and shortness of breath

in heart failure symptoms such as shortness of breath , fatigueresultingin heart failure symptoms such as shortness of breath , fatigue

to diminished renal perfusionleadsto diminished renal perfusion

to hypotension and decreased uteroplacental perfusioncan leadto hypotension and decreased uteroplacental perfusion

reduced tissue perfusioncausingreduced tissue perfusion

to deathcan leadto death

to hypotensioncan leadto hypotension

Renal hypoperfusion(passive) can be caused byRenal hypoperfusion

to decrease in mean arterial pressureleadsto decrease in mean arterial pressure

to renal hypoperfusion and to increased synthesis and release of renin into the circulationleadsto renal hypoperfusion and to increased synthesis and release of renin into the circulation

in hypotension , syncope and uteroplacental perfusionresultingin hypotension , syncope and uteroplacental perfusion

to decreased exercise capacity and shortness of breath during exerciseprobably contributesto decreased exercise capacity and shortness of breath during exercise

to increasing ischaemia especially significant in the cerebral circulationwill also leadto increasing ischaemia especially significant in the cerebral circulation

oftenresultsoften

to reduction in LV output and ultimately hypotensionleadsto reduction in LV output and ultimately hypotension

impaired tissue perfusion , which causes activation of neurohormonal mechanisms as RAAS(Renin angiotensin activation systemcausesimpaired tissue perfusion , which causes activation of neurohormonal mechanisms as RAAS(Renin angiotensin activation system

alsomay ... causealso

to prolonged circulation timeleadingto prolonged circulation time

reduced tissue perfusion , particularly during irregular or a rapid heart ratecausingreduced tissue perfusion , particularly during irregular or a rapid heart rate

to decreased renal perfusion and is associated with reduced renal functionmay leadto decreased renal perfusion and is associated with reduced renal function

from heartresultingfrom heart

to renal hypoperfusionleadsto renal hypoperfusion

undoubtablycontributesundoubtably

to dyspnea , exercise intolerance and later deathleadsto dyspnea , exercise intolerance and later death

in compromised organ perfusioncan resultin compromised organ perfusion

an increase in end - diastolic volume and pressurecausesan increase in end - diastolic volume and pressure

in decreased delivery of oxygen to peripheral tissuesresultingin decreased delivery of oxygen to peripheral tissues

in turnleadsin turn

in shortness of breathresultingin shortness of breath

from the regulatory limitations of the heart ( Fig . 2resultingfrom the regulatory limitations of the heart ( Fig . 2

from the reduction in preloadresultsfrom the reduction in preload

a state of hypoperfusioncausesa state of hypoperfusion

to the formation of cardiac insufficiencyleadsto the formation of cardiac insufficiency

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