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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

Higher U.S. rates and a rising dollarcould also causetrouble for developing countries with high dollar debts

traditional finance mechanismscontributedto high debt levels in developing countries

The World Bank ... so - called aidwill contributeto building up the external debt of developing countries

the 1990s ... the Brady agreementsresultedin substantial debt write - offs in 17 developing countries

more instabilityleadsto an increase in external debt in developing countries

this problemleadingto a relief of the debt burden of the developing countries

Another situation of excess world savingsleadto a rise in developing countries debt

Climate changeis causingproblems to developing countries

populationis also causingproblems in developing countries

the reasonsis causingproblems in developing countries

their research ... a parasitecausesdisease in developing countries

oil ... a commoditycausesproblems in the developing countries

Substantial increases in populationsare also causingproblems in developing countries

Substantial increases in populationsare also causingproblems in developing countries

It is the general consensus that pathogens in sewageonly causeproblems in developing countries

Russia ... the international organization of creditor nationssetspolicy on the debt of developing nations

which is saidto have ledto debt traps in developing countries

high levels of water and pesticidescauseissues in developing countries

global financehas been causingdebt crises in developing countries

free trade policieshave contributedto the rising debt of developing countries

The real issue ... andcausingpeople in developing countries

no longer(passive) should ... be influencedPeople in developing countries

socio - cultural pressureshave ledpeople in the developing countries

Issuescausingconcern to developing countries

more severe frequent storms and droughtsare causingpeople in developing countries

The costs of large dams and similar failed mega projectshave causedan explosive growth of debt in developing countries

first - hand the devastation erratic weather , more severe frequent storms and droughtsare causingpeople in developing countries

Francecontributes greatlyto the debt relief of poor or developing countries

the broader impact of " ultra - loose " monetary policies adopted by central banks around the worldledto a debt binge in developing countries

conditionscausingmalabsorption in developing countries

more likelyto causefurther debt in developing countries

this financingis contributingto the debt of developing countries

the capitalismdoes ... influencethe debt of developing countries

the factorsinfluenceexternal indebtedness in developing countries

ECA arrearshave contributedto the debt of developing countries

government intervention(passive) are still caused byDistortions in developing countries

by the Group of 77(passive) led byDeveloping countries , ... , called

a UN - backed schemedesignedto pay developing countries

subsidies in developed countries artificially deflating global pricescausinghardship in developing countries

infectious agentscauseretinitis in developing countries

from nothing more than an increase in the stock of external debthas resultedfrom nothing more than an increase in the stock of external debt

them to pay more interestcausethem to pay more interest

the governmentledthe government

to a new debt crisismay leadto a new debt crisis

productsto designproducts

to blindnessleadto blindness

up or repair water drillssetup or repair water drills

to greater financial market difficultiescould leadto greater financial market difficulties

its citizens to fleeare causingits citizens to flee

to their own healthcontributeto their own health

the burden(passive) caused bythe burden

to solutions in a fair agreement ... and not as countries that can only claim and denouncecontributeto solutions in a fair agreement ... and not as countries that can only claim and denounce

most to global warming in the Kyoto protocolcontributemost to global warming in the Kyoto protocol

them to seek quick ways to raise revenue to make debt paymentscausedthem to seek quick ways to raise revenue to make debt payments

the problem in the first placecausedthe problem in the first place

to global environmental protectioncontributeto global environmental protection

to patient complicationsleadto patient complications

Up to half of all cases of severe childhood pneumonia(passive) are caused byUp to half of all cases of severe childhood pneumonia

to a recession , inflation , or bothwill usually leadto a recession , inflation , or both

to a new borrowing and lending boomhas contributedto a new borrowing and lending boom

up in 1946was setup in 1946

to graduates of high moral character , and employable skills after graduationleadsto graduates of high moral character , and employable skills after graduation

simple water collection systemshave designedsimple water collection systems

so little to the problem but will be affected first and worst by climate changehave contributedso little to the problem but will be affected first and worst by climate change

to climate change mitigationto contributeto climate change mitigation

from this systemhas resultedfrom this system

the to turn to IMF and World Bank - organizedcausingthe to turn to IMF and World Bank - organized

the to turn to IMF and World Bank - organized " structural adjustmentscausingthe to turn to IMF and World Bank - organized " structural adjustments

that diabetes - related health care costs are devastating for national health care budgetsare also discoveringthat diabetes - related health care costs are devastating for national health care budgets

to poverty reduction and promoting economic developmentcontributingto poverty reduction and promoting economic development

more ambitious goals unless rich nations provide guarantees of financeto setmore ambitious goals unless rich nations provide guarantees of finance

solutions(passive) were inventedsolutions

to economic slowdowns in developing countriesleadingto economic slowdowns in developing countries

to economic slowdowns in developing countries in many parts of the worldleadingto economic slowdowns in developing countries in many parts of the world

in food shortagesresultingin food shortages

their own development policies and strategiesmust leadtheir own development policies and strategies

the least to the climate change programhave contributedthe least to the climate change program

to global action on climate changecontributeto global action on climate change

the effort for greater poverty reduction in their countriesmust leadthe effort for greater poverty reduction in their countries

towards climate change adaptation and mitigationto contributetowards climate change adaptation and mitigation

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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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