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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

I thinkcan ... causecrystal problems

the differencecausescrystal defects , etc

problems in the growth processcausecrystal defects

at the time of crystal growth(passive) are causedcrystal defects

by heat history in the single - crystal growth(passive) caused bycrystal defects

Carbonate substitutioncan causecrystal disorder

by high temperature Crystal defects(passive) caused byCrystal defects

by the changes of internal stress(passive) caused bycrystal defects

This processcausescrystal defects

the semiconductor materialcausingcrystal defects

by wrinkles , creases & uneven areas(passive) caused bywhite imperfections

on the semiconductor substrate surface(passive) may be causedCrystal defects

the factorscausingcrystal defects

by oxygen deficiency(passive) caused bycrystal defects

by internal stress(passive) caused bycrystal defects

by the ion implantation damages(passive) caused bythe crystal defects

at which internal strain is increasedto causecrystal defects

oxygen atoms ... filmwhere ... are causedcrystal defects

by stress(passive) caused byCrystal defects

by the stress(passive) caused bycrystal defects

by such stress(passive) caused bycrystal defects

by stress generated at the boundaries between crystal regions(passive) caused bycrystal defects

by conventional manufacturing methods(passive) caused bycrystal defects

by a stress produced in a thermal step(passive) caused bycrystal defects

by stress concentration(passive) caused bycrystal defects

by a difference in lattice parameters(passive) caused bycrystal defects

by the ion implantation method(passive) can be causedcrystal defects

by the ion irradiation(passive) caused bythe crystal defects

plastic deformationcausingcrystal defects

by the plastic deformation(passive) caused bythe crystal defects

by a difference in the lattice constant(passive) caused bycrystal defects

the stressescausingcrystal defects

by ion implantation to the silicon(passive) caused bycrystal defects

by the power(passive) caused bycrystal defects

the nitrogen atomscausingcrystal defects

the first graphene film with the nitrogen atomscausingcrystal defects

the differencecausescrystal defects

atomic size variationcausingcrystal defects

high doping(passive) can be caused byCrystal defects

by ion implantation(passive) caused bycrystal defects

the popcorn noise when the diode is substantially depletedto causethe popcorn noise when the diode is substantially depleted

rapid degradation of such devicescausesrapid degradation of such devices

Red , Pink & Brown Natural Fancy Colored Diamonds(passive) are caused byRed , Pink & Brown Natural Fancy Colored Diamonds

gold vanity tray setsetgold vanity tray set

at the time of crystal growth or crystal defects formed at the time of processing a wafercausedat the time of crystal growth or crystal defects formed at the time of processing a wafer

each time(passive) is causedeach time

at the time of crystal growthare causedat the time of crystal growth

the strength of the material to be increasedcausethe strength of the material to be increased

to improved material performanceleadto improved material performance

in the single crystal semiconductorcausedin the single crystal semiconductor

from strainresultingfrom strain

at the time of crystal growth existare causedat the time of crystal growth exist

an increase in leak current and a decrease in lifetime of a carriermay causean increase in leak current and a decrease in lifetime of a carrier

the redox properties of model systems and which have to be studied on the microscopic levelcan ... influencethe redox properties of model systems and which have to be studied on the microscopic level

a degradation in electronic propertiescausinga degradation in electronic properties

later due tocausedlater due to

optical propertyinfluencingoptical property

the colour of a structurecausingthe colour of a structure

in a semiconductor bodycausedin a semiconductor body

at a contact surfacecausedat a contact surface

from the migration failureoriginatingfrom the migration failure

from the stressresultingfrom the stress

in the substrate where a depletion layer is to be formedcausedin the substrate where a depletion layer is to be formed

to a reduced conversion efficiencyleadsto a reduced conversion efficiency

pits crystaloriginatedpits crystal

internal stressescauseinternal stresses

in the silicon substrate 10are causedin the silicon substrate 10

digital failuresmay causedigital failures

to the final fractureleadto the final fracture

impuritiescausingimpurities

from the generation of heatoriginatingfrom the generation of heat

from stressescausedfrom stresses

in a later stepcausedin a later step

the portion of film(passive) where ... are causedthe portion of film

to a dislocation effectleadto a dislocation effect

from the amorphous structureresultingfrom the amorphous structure

usuallycauseusually

the distortions(passive) caused bythe distortions

to residual stressleadingto residual stress

to white and 1 / f noiseleadto white and 1 / f noise

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Smart Reasoning:

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