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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

Thinning treesto preventcrown fires

that could spread fire into the forest canopycausinga crown fire

from surface fires spreading either along the bark of the tree trunks or direct flame contact to low branches with leaves and needles(passive) are normally originatedCrown fires

periodic prescribed burns , selective thinning , and reduction of ladder and basal fuelsto preventcrown fires

gusts can raise the fire into the treescreatinga crown fire

the neighboring treetopscausinga ' crown fire

fire rates of spread and canopy separation distances requiredto preventa crown fire

Larger flames from the more flammable shrub ( right ) ignite the tree canopycausingcrown fire

What kind of cutting and thinningcan preventcrown fires

thinning the number of treesto preventcrown fires

that provides both fuel mass and the elevated fine fuels that take fire into the canopycreatingcrown fires

whose flames were leaping across treetopscreatinga " crown fire

may quickly move from a ground fire into the treetopscreatinga crown fire

When fire does occur , these small trees guide the raging fire from the forest floor to the crown of the older treescausinga crown fire

they ’re thinning the lower branches of pine trees on a heavily wooded propertyto preventa crown fire

The intense heat of Black Saturdaycausedcrown fires

When that happenssetscrown fires

the ground fuelcausesCROWN FIRES

fires ... fuel loadscausecrown fires

a lightning strikecauseda crown fire

The U.S. Forest Servicehas setcrown fires

to view Fuel Management Workshop Stand Level ManagementPreventingCrown Fires

low tree and shrub density(passive) are prevented byCrown fires

the dry underbrushmight ... causea crown fire

a lighting strikecauseda crown fire

that remove fuel from beneath and around forest areasto preventcrown fires occuring

even the tall treescreating“ crown fire

surface fuelscreatecrown fires

the infernois creatinga " crown fire

Trees must be widely spacedto preventcrown fires

lightning ... leap from top to top of the towering pine trees in the part of the state known as the Big Thicket for its dense pine forests(passive) sparked by"A crown fire

tree topscreatinga “ crown fire

using controlled surface fire for fuel reductionto preventcrown fires

the overly dense forests(passive) caused bycrown fires

thus permitting the buildup of sufficient fuelto createa " crown fire

substantial ladder fuel accumulationscould resultin crown fire

Fuelbreaks builtto preventcrown fire

extreme unnatural buildups of forest debris where light fires have been suppressed by man in light fire ecosystems(passive) are caused byCrown Fires

the stringbark trunkscausing" crown fire

that " two metres separation " of tree canopies was necessaryto preventcrown fire occurring

a solid wall of flame from the surfacecreatea solid wall of flame from the surface

seedbeds with abundant insolation and thin duffcreatedseedbeds with abundant insolation and thin duff

natural openings(passive) caused bynatural openings

a fire in the top of trees moving much faster with a little bit of windcreatesa fire in the top of trees moving much faster with a little bit of wind

its own wind ... the strong upward convection of the heated air can draw in cooler air from surrounding areas , thus creating a wind that feeds the firecan createits own wind ... the strong upward convection of the heated air can draw in cooler air from surrounding areas , thus creating a wind that feeds the fire

to Global WarmingContributeto Global Warming

sheets of flamecreatesheets of flame

wide swaths of uninterrupted devastationcausewide swaths of uninterrupted devastation

a crust on the soilcreatea crust on the soil

to the complete devastation of a forestcan leadto the complete devastation of a forest

their own windscreatetheir own winds

their own fire stormcan createdtheir own fire storm

to fast fire movement in the Hayman , Waldo Canyon and Black Forestledto fast fire movement in the Hayman , Waldo Canyon and Black Forest

“ natural clear cutscreating“ natural clear cuts

in a very small area on a propertycan originatein a very small area on a property

large open patches that persisted on the droughty soilscreatedlarge open patches that persisted on the droughty soils

on May 7."(2resultedon May 7."(2

broad - scale patterns in vegetationcreatebroad - scale patterns in vegetation

in the most severe impact on vegetationresultin the most severe impact on vegetation

this house to burn down and that this house did n’t stand a chancecausedthis house to burn down and that this house did n’t stand a chance

flame lengths that are too dangerous for ground crews to be nearbycreateflame lengths that are too dangerous for ground crews to be nearby

to a conversation about creating a throne , which is the idea that stuckledto a conversation about creating a throne , which is the idea that stuck

by malfunctioning furnace ... authorities say ; family displaced | Latest Headlines | nwitimes.com Crown Point fire sparked by malfunctioning furnacesparkedby malfunctioning furnace ... authorities say ; family displaced | Latest Headlines | nwitimes.com Crown Point fire sparked by malfunctioning furnace

in the death of the Hemlock grove ... and a replacement with something elseresultsin the death of the Hemlock grove ... and a replacement with something else

significant ecological damage , or whether fuel reduction activities would alter wildfire extent or severity in these ecosystemscould causesignificant ecological damage , or whether fuel reduction activities would alter wildfire extent or severity in these ecosystems

ribbon - like pine forests of southern Siberia(passive) caused byribbon - like pine forests of southern Siberia

to the replacement of subalpine forestsleadto the replacement of subalpine forests

to a stand ( forest ) replacing eventleadingto a stand ( forest ) replacing event

landscape - level patterns(passive) created bylandscape - level patterns

in spite of fewer occurrencescan causein spite of fewer occurrences

grasslands to turn in to shrub / woodland humans suppressing firecausesgrasslands to turn in to shrub / woodland humans suppressing fire

in a significant increase in integrated radiative preheatingresultedin a significant increase in integrated radiative preheating

an APZ for new developmentCreatingan APZ for new development

in part by the Sierra Clubcreatedin part by the Sierra Club

subsequent erosion that would fill reservoirs with mudcausedsubsequent erosion that would fill reservoirs with mud

a dramatic increase in erosion — which would reduce the life of the deep , narrow reservoircould causea dramatic increase in erosion — which would reduce the life of the deep , narrow reservoir

mainly of nonhost conifer species and had a lower and more continuous canopy than infested plotswere composedmainly of nonhost conifer species and had a lower and more continuous canopy than infested plots

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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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