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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

her team ... the firstto inventCRISPR

Staff Emmanuelle Charpentier ... who helpedcreateCRISPR / Cas9

in bacteria and archaea(passive) was discoveredCRISPR

in bacteria and function(passive) was discoveredCRISPR

MGH TeamCreatesCRISPR /

A scientist who helpedinventCRISPR

in the primitive immune system of bacteria(passive) was discoveredCRISPR

George M. Church 's teaminventedCRISPR

Jennifer Doudna ... the peopleinventedCRISPR

IGI Executive Director Jennifer Doudna , who was part of the teaminventedCRISPR - Cas9

as a system in the DNA of bacteria(passive) was discovered about ten years agoCRISPR

as an immune system in bacteria that fought against viruses(passive) was first discoveredCRISPR - Cas9

A Crack in Creation ... the teamdiscoveredcas9 / CRISPR

Scaria 's teaminventedCRISPR

George 's teaminventedCRISPR

researchers who were studying how bacteria defend themselves from invaders such as viruses(passive) was originally discovered byCRISPR

Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer DoudnacreatedCRISPR - cas9

Jennifer Doudna , the UC Berkeley geneticistinventedCRISPR

Church and Dr. Church 's teaminventedCRISPR

scientists Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier(passive) invented byCRISPR - Cas9

a bunch of microbiologists , scientists who study bacteria and viruses(passive) was discovered byCRISPR

the first scientiststo actually discoverCRISPR

Jennifer Doudna , whose research helpedcreateCRISPR

Doudna and Charpentier ... the firstto inventCRISPR

not Even Jennifer Doudna , the scientistdiscoveredCRISPR - Cas9

the ninth author , Jennifer Doudna(passive) invented byCRISPR - Cas9

Jennifer [ Doudna ... tryingto inventCRISPR

in bacteria - Duration : 40 seconds(passive) was first discoveredCRISPR - Cas9

studying the immune systems of bacteria(passive) was discovered byCRISPR

lead scientist Jennifer Doudna , the geneticistinventedCRISPR

biochemists Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier(passive) originally created byCRISPR / Cas9

Church and Ph.D. 's teaminventedCRISPR

Joanna Bryson 's teaminventedCRISPR

an article about Jennifer Doudna , the womandiscoveredCRISPR

Jennifer Doudna , the UC geneticistinventedCRISPR

the French microbiologist Emmanuelle Charpentier and the American biochemist Jennifer DoudnadiscoveredCRISPR

Jennifer Doudna , a biochemist at the University of California , Berkeley , who helpedinventCRISPR

Jennifer Doudna , a Berkeley biologist ... co -inventedCrispr

in bacteria , which use the system to fight off viruses(passive) was discoveredCRISPR

in bacteria which use it to protect themselves against viral infections(passive) was discoveredCRISPR

all kinds of dire " off target mutationscausingall kinds of dire " off target mutations

few off - target mutations in plants including Arabidopsiscausesfew off - target mutations in plants including Arabidopsis

off - target mutations distant from the target sitecausingoff - target mutations distant from the target site

hundreds of unintended mutations in the genomecreatinghundreds of unintended mutations in the genome

Known as off - target mutations , these unintended gene edits(passive) caused byKnown as off - target mutations , these unintended gene edits

many mutationsmay causemany mutations

unintended ‘ off - target ’ mutations away from the target gene ... like He 's workcould causeunintended ‘ off - target ’ mutations away from the target gene ... like He 's work

hundreds of unintended mutations ended up not being the problemcausedhundreds of unintended mutations ended up not being the problem

Knock - out mutations(passive) caused byKnock - out mutations

unplanned mutationscould potentially causeunplanned mutations

Thousands of MutationsMight CauseThousands of Mutations

new mutations(passive) caused bynew mutations

invalidating mutations(passive) created byinvalidating mutations

unexpected ‘ off - target ’ mutations far from the target gene ... and that these could be dangerous if they , for circumstances , turned off a tumour - suppressor genecan triggerunexpected ‘ off - target ’ mutations far from the target gene ... and that these could be dangerous if they , for circumstances , turned off a tumour - suppressor gene

unexpected ‘ off - target ’ mutations away from the target gene , which these might be harmful if they , for instance , switched off a tumour - suppressor genecan triggerunexpected ‘ off - target ’ mutations away from the target gene , which these might be harmful if they , for instance , switched off a tumour - suppressor gene

unwanted mutations in other areas of the genomecould causeunwanted mutations in other areas of the genome

other non - targeted mutations(passive) caused byother non - targeted mutations

extensive mutations ... to the DNAcausedextensive mutations ... to the DNA

32 ] unintended mutationsmay cause32 ] unintended mutations

The site - specific mutations(passive) created byThe site - specific mutations

unintended ‘ off - target ’ mutations away from the target gene ... and that these could be dangerous if they , for instance , switched off a tumour - suppressor genecan causeunintended ‘ off - target ’ mutations away from the target gene ... and that these could be dangerous if they , for instance , switched off a tumour - suppressor gene

many unwanted mutations , small studycausesmany unwanted mutations , small study

Extensive Mutations And Genetic Damage After All # CRISPR # GMOsCould Be CausingExtensive Mutations And Genetic Damage After All # CRISPR # GMOs

unexpected genetic mutationsto causeunexpected genetic mutations

unexpected mutations throughout the genomecreatedunexpected mutations throughout the genome

many undesirable mutationscausesmany undesirable mutations

mutations ... effectively ... rightcausesmutations ... effectively ... right

a surprising number of mutations ,(passive) caused bya surprising number of mutations ,

multiple genetic mutationsto causemultiple genetic mutations

Off - target Mutations Article Reviewed by The Medindia Medical Review Team on July 23 , 2018 at 3:41 PM CRISPRcan CauseOff - target Mutations Article Reviewed by The Medindia Medical Review Team on July 23 , 2018 at 3:41 PM CRISPR

mosaic mutations and off - target effects in various plantscausesmosaic mutations and off - target effects in various plants

Unwanted Mutations genprowebdirectory Home News Gene EditingCan CauseUnwanted Mutations genprowebdirectory Home News Gene Editing

in many unintended genetic mutationscould resultin many unintended genetic mutations

mutations in the genome of the targeted DNAcould createmutations in the genome of the targeted DNA

so - called “ off target ” effectscan ... causeso - called “ off target ” effects

to a disturbing number of unintended mutations in miceleadsto a disturbing number of unintended mutations in mice

in unintended gene mutations in DNA sequences that were n't targetedresultedin unintended gene mutations in DNA sequences that were n't targeted

insertion / deletion ( indel ) mutations(passive) caused byinsertion / deletion ( indel ) mutations

any second - site mutations or deletions(passive) caused byany second - site mutations or deletions

Two pign-1 mutations(passive) created byTwo pign-1 mutations

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