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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

abilityto preventcontrolling shareholder opportunism

capital majority rule making the minority shareholders and the other relevant entities in a disadvantage position ( Singh , 2003(passive) caused bycontrolling shareholder

Indian brothers Malvinder Singh and Shivinder Singh(passive) led bythe controlling shareholders

New York 's Blackstone Group(passive) led bythe controlling shareholders

Practically speaking , the prospect — however remote — of losing effective control ( for example , due to large stock - based acquisitionsmay promptcontrolling shareholders

Chairman Lei Jun(passive) led byControlling shareholders

the chairman Vijay Mallya(passive) led byControlling shareholders

As per report Harbinger ’s increased stake along with rival miner Murchison Metal ’s refusal to give up its 10 % holding in Midwestwill preventcontrolling shareholder Sinosteel

the asset - substitutioncausedby controlling shareholders

Parretti , a freer hand to fit the production firm into a mosaic of companies and film assets(passive) are led bycontrolling shareholders

Arthur S. Demoulas(passive) led bythe controlling shareholders

Televisa owner Emilio Azcarraga(passive) led byControlling shareholders

The lift of restrictionspreventingcontrolling shareholder

Mediobanca SpA ( MB ) , to replace Giovanni Perissinotto who resigned as CEO on June 2 after profit fell for four consecutive quarters(passive) led byGenerali ’s controlling shareholders

Hankuk Paper(passive) led bycontrolling shareholders

taipan Lucio Tan(passive) led bycontrolling shareholders

Telefonica SA of Spain(passive) led bycontrolling shareholders

This actionhas promptedthe Ondaland controlling shareholders

founder Avi Katz(passive) led bycontrolling shareholders

Ricardo Hazoury(passive) led byControlling shareholders

Carl C. Icahn(passive) led bycontrolling shareholders

unbiased decisions by independent directors on transactions(passive) are influenced byunbiased decisions by independent directors on transactions

company‟s policycan influencecompany‟s policy

the dividend policy of Malaysian listed companiesdoes influencethe dividend policy of Malaysian listed companies

the damage of the bankcausesthe damage of the bank

in changed leadership at the Chinese companycould resultin changed leadership at the Chinese company

a marketing company in May 2019seta marketing company in May 2019

a separate , publicly - held holding companyto createa separate , publicly - held holding company

RPTs mint - india - wire SebiProxy advisoryStakeholdersto influenceRPTs mint - india - wire SebiProxy advisoryStakeholders

the corporate governance by making financial decisions in various ways ... 8can influencethe corporate governance by making financial decisions in various ways ... 8

the board to accept Provident ’s offer because Provident had brought in former SRA officials who engaged in pre - offer talks with himinfluencedthe board to accept Provident ’s offer because Provident had brought in former SRA officials who engaged in pre - offer talks with him

to insurance companies and damage the legitimate interests of policyholders , insured persons and beneficiariesledto insurance companies and damage the legitimate interests of policyholders , insured persons and beneficiaries

the company to be deprived of a concession related to its scope of activities , or whose license to operate under the Banking Lawcausethe company to be deprived of a concession related to its scope of activities , or whose license to operate under the Banking Law

the credit decisions of the banks as the credit suppliers ... thus affecting corporate credit financing ability under the equity incentivesinfluencethe credit decisions of the banks as the credit suppliers ... thus affecting corporate credit financing ability under the equity incentives

Paradigm in expanding its operations and to seek new opportunities that could grow the Company and achieve its production goalsto leadParadigm in expanding its operations and to seek new opportunities that could grow the Company and achieve its production goals

the holding company to offer to purchase the minority shares of the savings and loan association at less than one - third of the price at which an equivalent block of stock in the holding company was selling in the marketalso causedthe holding company to offer to purchase the minority shares of the savings and loan association at less than one - third of the price at which an equivalent block of stock in the holding company was selling in the market

up in 1994 upon the recommendation of Pricewaterhouse accountants to move the company 's interests in self - storage facilities into an SPE in order to get both the assets and the mortgage debt and depreciation off the company 's balance sheetssetup in 1994 upon the recommendation of Pricewaterhouse accountants to move the company 's interests in self - storage facilities into an SPE in order to get both the assets and the mortgage debt and depreciation off the company 's balance sheets

Tonopah to sell in two stages ... effected in 1951 and 1953 respectively , its subsidiary Tonopah Nicaragua Company ( Tonopah Nicaragua ) , owner of the Rosita copper mine in Nicaragua , for grossly inadequate consideration , $ 475,000,1 to Mines Incorporated ( Mines ) , an affiliate of Tonopah under § 2(a)(3 ) of the Act , and arranged the subsequent transfer of the Rosita mine tocausedTonopah to sell in two stages ... effected in 1951 and 1953 respectively , its subsidiary Tonopah Nicaragua Company ( Tonopah Nicaragua ) , owner of the Rosita copper mine in Nicaragua , for grossly inadequate consideration , $ 475,000,1 to Mines Incorporated ( Mines ) , an affiliate of Tonopah under § 2(a)(3 ) of the Act , and arranged the subsequent transfer of the Rosita mine to

to a conflict - of - interest probecould leadto a conflict - of - interest probe

The claim(passive) was led byThe claim

a new corporation that they own and controlmay seta new corporation that they own and control

to substantial increases in productivity in poorly performing firmsleadsto substantial increases in productivity in poorly performing firms

the corp to offer each stockholder an equal opportunity to sell a ratable number of his shares to the corp at an identical pricemust causethe corp to offer each stockholder an equal opportunity to sell a ratable number of his shares to the corp at an identical price

the whole proceeding , such as shareholder loans granted to manipulate the bankruptcy mechanismto influencethe whole proceeding , such as shareholder loans granted to manipulate the bankruptcy mechanism

good faith Corporation action(passive) caused bygood faith Corporation action

forthsetforth

the restructuring(passive) caused bythe restructuring

its representatives to serve on [ BSI sto causeits representatives to serve on [ BSI s

payout policywhen settingpayout policy

entire fairness reviewtriggerentire fairness review

equitable reliefto triggerequitable relief

New MDBs with narrow regional focus in which the borrowers are also(passive) could be createdNew MDBs with narrow regional focus in which the borrowers are also

the onset of market chaosPreventingthe onset of market chaos

headaches for boards and minority shareholdersto causeheadaches for boards and minority shareholders

the renewal ( or otherwise ) of the term of directorshipcan influencethe renewal ( or otherwise ) of the term of directorship

business and are thus entrepreneursare creatingbusiness and are thus entrepreneurs

to apotential conflict of interest with minority owners for two principal reasonsleadingto apotential conflict of interest with minority owners for two principal reasons

financial institutions and investment fundspreventfinancial institutions and investment funds

a market for their shares without providing comparable liquidity for the minorityto createa market for their shares without providing comparable liquidity for the minority

up a “ sweetheart ” deal to benefit itself at the other shareholders ’ expensesetup a “ sweetheart ” deal to benefit itself at the other shareholders ’ expense

Polson Pier Entertainment ,(passive) led byPolson Pier Entertainment ,

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Smart Reasoning:

C&E

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