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Smart Reasoning:

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Qaagi - Book of Why

Causes

Effects

shortages of land(passive) have been caused byExisting land conflicts between farmers and pastoralists

agriculturehas causedconflict in the area between pastoralists and farmers

landis causingconflict between farmers and livestock owners

crops of farmersleadto conflict between farmers and animals

their pathleadingto conflict between crop and livestock farmers

permits from local authoritiescausesconflicts among ejidatarios and comuneros farmers

More animals wateringhas ledto conflict between pastoralist communities and farmers

developing the landcould leadto conflict between residents and farmers

open grazinghad causedserious conflicts between farmers and herders

factorscontributingto conflicts among pastoralists , agro - pastoralists and farmers

by climate change(passive) has been ... caused bythe conflict between ethnic Fulani herders and farmers

the contractleadto conflict between traders and farmers

for example , tucks into cropscausingmajor disputes between conservationists and farmers

grazing landcausesconflict between nomadic herders and farmers

landcausesconflict between nomadic herders and farmers

The common vole , for example , tucks into cropscausingmajor disputes between conservationists and farmers

the resourcescauseconflict between breeders and farmers in

All these problemscan leadto conflicts between farmers and buyers

that over time the ways in which people used the land developed their identitiesleadingto a conflict between ranchers and farmers

You have increased competition for access to it , " she sayscan contributeto conflict between pastoralists and the smallholder farmers

the animalsleadsto conflict between the farmers and the herdsmen

Competition over access to land and waterhas ledto conflict between pastoralists and farmers

matters worseresultingin conflict between pastoralists and farmers

factors that are beyond their control(passive) are ... caused byconflict between farmers and pastoralists

that most pastoralists travelled to regions known for farmingto causeconflict with farmers

to suspend fishing in the areawas ... causingconflicts between farmers and fishermen

rice paddiescausesconflict between them and farmers

Herders take their cattle in search of pasture earlier than normalcausingconflict between them and farmers

D. Fox - huntingcausesconflicts between hunters and farmers

Second , expropriations without what is perceived to be fair compensationcontributeto conflict between farmers

by open grazing(passive) caused byConflict between nomadic herders and local farmers

the lack of a concerted pathway for livestock(passive) were caused byThese conflicts between breeders and farmers

the movementto causeconflicts between farmers and herdsmen

by people who have hoarded large chunks of land(passive) have been caused bymost of conflicts between farmers and pastoralists

The search for pastureoften leadsto conflicts between herders and farmers

the killingsresultedfrom herdsmen and farmers clashes

their cattlehad causedclashes between farmers and herders

water ... the farming areascauseclashes between them and the farmers

farmlands encroachmentcould causeclashes between herdsmen and farmers

cases of cattle rustling and encroachment on farmlandsleadto clashes between farmers and herdsmen

in the loss of thousands of liveshas resultedin the loss of thousands of lives

to loss of lives , valuable properties and destruction of vast expanse of arable agriculturalfarmlandsleadingto loss of lives , valuable properties and destruction of vast expanse of arable agriculturalfarmlands

to several persons being killedleadingto several persons being killed

to the loss of several liveshad ledto the loss of several lives

to loss of lives and property in the countryhas resultedto loss of lives and property in the country

oftenhave ... resultedoften

in fatalities for both partieshas resultedin fatalities for both parties

the death of hundreds of people and the displacement of many othershave causedthe death of hundreds of people and the displacement of many others

in the death of many residents in Mesuma village of Gashaka local government area of Taraba statehas resultedin the death of many residents in Mesuma village of Gashaka local government area of Taraba state

in hundreds of deathshas resultedin hundreds of deaths

in the loss of thousands of liveshas resultedin the loss of thousands of lives

in fatalities on both sidesresultin fatalities on both sides

to the loss of several lives and destruction of propertyhas ledto the loss of several lives and destruction of property

laterpromptedlater

in the death of many residents in Mesuma village of Gashaka local government area of Tarabahas resultedin the death of many residents in Mesuma village of Gashaka local government area of Taraba

to increased rural migrationleadingto increased rural migration

to loss of liveshave ledto loss of lives

many to move away as wage laborhave ledmany to move away as wage labor

in 168 deaths in January alonehave resultedin 168 deaths in January alone

to deaths and destruction of property inhad ledto deaths and destruction of property in

to deaths and destruction of propertyhad ledto deaths and destruction of property

in at least 168 deathshave resultedin at least 168 deaths

to loss of lives and properties in Nigeriahave ... ledto loss of lives and properties in Nigeria

in the countryto causein the country

in loss of lives and propertieshas resultedin loss of lives and properties

in loss of lives , destruction of livelihoods and property , population displacements and human rights violations and abusesresultedin loss of lives , destruction of livelihoods and property , population displacements and human rights violations and abuses

a border war between the two countriescauseda border war between the two countries

in at least 168 deaths in 2018have resultedin at least 168 deaths in 2018

mayhem in the countryto causemayhem in the country

in 168 deathshave resultedin 168 deaths

to severalledto several

to the loss of liveshave ledto the loss of lives

in loss of liveshas resultedin loss of lives

in at least 168 deaths in 2018 alonehave resultedin at least 168 deaths in 2018 alone

killings(passive) caused bykillings

to the deaths of many Nigerians in Benue and Taraba States and other parts of the countryhave resultedto the deaths of many Nigerians in Benue and Taraba States and other parts of the country

several deaths in some parts of Nigeriahave causedseveral deaths in some parts of Nigeria

in countless deathshad resultedin countless deaths

to several deathshave ledto several deaths

to casualties on both sides in the statehave ledto casualties on both sides in the state

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